blood and lymph- function Flashcards
what is blood
- connective tissue
- fluid matrix (plasma) with no fibres
- widely spaced cells
- ## viscous
functions of blood
- transportation
- regulation
- protection
functions: transportation
- o2 from lung to cell
- co2 from cell to lung
- nutrient from digestive organ to cell
- waste product from cell to kidney, lung and sweat gland
- hormone from endocrine gland to cell
functions: regulation
- pH= thru buffers
- body temp= thru heat absorption and coolant properties of water component
- water content of cell= thru conc of dissolved na ions
functions: protection
- against blood loss= clotting
- against toxins and foreign microbes= thru wbc
components of blood
- plasma = 55%
- buffy coat = <1% (leukocytes and platelets)
- erythrocytes = 45%
blood plasma (matrix)
straw coloured solution
91% water = act as solvent for other components
absorbs, transports and releases heat
7% proteins = albumin (55%)- provide blood with viscosity and exert osmotic pressure 2 maintain water balance between blood and tissue
globulin (38%) - protein group where antibodies belong
fibrinogen (7%) - essential 4 blood clotting
2% other solutes = ions/ electrolytes
nutrients
waste products
gases + hormones
blood cells
rbc= erythrocytes
leukocytes = wbc
thrombocytes = platelets
erythrocytes
rbc
most abundant type
doesnt divide
small circular biconcave discs
very thin and flexible
haemoglobin found inside:
prtein that makes up 33% of rbc
gives red colour
transport gas
leukocytes
wbc
contain nuclei
no haemoglobin
fight infection and destroy foreign microbes
2 types: granular and agranular
g=innate
a= adaptive
thrombocytes
platelets
tiny cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes
no nucleus
detect damage to blood vessel
prevent fluid loss by platelet plug formation + initiate a a chain of reaction that causes blood to coagulate
platelet plug formation
- when platelets come into contain with damage blood vessel, characteristic change
- become enlarged, irregular and sticky
- form platelet plug which rent blood loss thru a small vessel
where do blood cells originate from
red bone marrow
present in all foetal bones
only present in certain bones in adults:
- distal and proximal ends of long bones
- pelvis
- ribs
- sternum
- vertebrae
- skull
present in spaces in between the trabeculae of bone
site of haematopoiesis
what is bone marrow
- source of stem cells that make up cellular component of the blood
blood groups and types
erythrocytes have a genetically determined assortment of antigens on their surface
antigens are called agglutinogens
more than 100 antigens that can b detected on the surface of a rbc
surface antigens are bound by antibodies and causes agglutination
abo system
based two glycolipid antigens a and b
glycolipids= lipids with a carb attached by a glycosidic bond
rhesus
- rhesus antigens can be present or absent on rbc
BLOOD TRANSFUSION: - if an rh- person receives rh+ they’ll develop rh antibodies that will remain
- if they receive a second of rh+ agglutination will occur
