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Anatomy and physiology > ET, CT (bone cartilage, loose + dense) > Flashcards

ET, CT (bone cartilage, loose + dense) Flashcards

1
Q

what is ET

A

sheet of cells that cover the body’s surface/ lines body cavity

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2
Q

what does covering and lining epithelium do

A

covers walls of organs
forms outer layer of skin
lines open cavities of the digestive and respiratory systems

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3
Q

what does glandular epithelium do

A

surrounds glands within the body

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4
Q

characteristics and types of ET

A

C: closely packed cell
minimal matrix
basement membrane

T: simple- single layer
stratified- multiple layer

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5
Q

name types of simple epithelium

A

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

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6
Q

squamous epithelium

A

LOCATION: air sacs of lungs
lining of heart, blood easels and lymphatic vessels

FUNCTION: allow material to pass thru diffusions and filtration
secretes lubricating material

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7
Q

cuboidal epithelium

A

LOCATION: ducts
kidney tubules
glands

FUNCTION: absorbs
secretes enzymes and mucus

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8
Q

columnar epithelium

A

LOCATION: cilliated- in bronchi, uterine tubes
smooth- in digestive tract and bladder

FUNCTION: secretes and absorbs

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9
Q

what is stratified epithelium

A

several layers of cells
can be cuboidal/ squamous or columnar

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10
Q

stratified epithelium

A

LOCATION: lines oesophagus, mouth and vagina
sweat+ salivary glands
outmost layer of skin

FUNCTION: secretes
protects e.g. against abrasion

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11
Q

keratinised SE

A

LOCATION: most skin
esp areas with no hair e.g. palms

FUNCTION: protects
waterproof

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12
Q

transitional epithelium SE

A

LOCATION: lines bladder, urethra and ureters

FUNCTION: allows urinary organs to stretch and expand

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13
Q

what is connective tissue

A

most abundant tissue type in human body

characteristics are: widely separated cells
larger amounts of matrix material (ECM)
basement membrane- specialised form of matrix

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14
Q

what is the ECM in the CT made of

A

ground substance + fibres

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15
Q

what are the ground substances in ECM

A

maybe be fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous or calcified
supports cell+ binds together
stores water
provides a medium for exchanges of material

contains large organic molecules e.g. glycosaminoglycans associated with proteoglycans

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16
Q

what are the fibres in ECM

A

strengthen and support connective tissues

collagen- strong but not stiff- allow for tissue flexibility
elastic- strong but stretchy- forms a branched network
reticular- fine bundles of collagen with a coating of glycoproteins- provide strength and support

17
Q

examples of cell types in CT

A

fibroblasts- produce collagen and elastic fibres

adipocytes (fat cells)- occur singly and in groups

wbc- engulf foreign materials and pathogens

18
Q

loose connective tissue

A

loose arrangement of fibres in a moderately viscous fluid matrix

AREOLAR: most widely distributed
around nearly every body structure
give strength and elasticity and support

ADIPOSE: cells derive from fibroblasts
co-located in areolar tissue
supports and protects

RETICULAR: formed of reticular fibres
provides supporting framework
acts as a filter

19
Q

dense connective tissue

A

dense woven network of collagenous and some elastic fibres in a viscous matrix

dense reg: strong/ poor blood supply e.g ligaments and tendons
dense irreg: high tensile strength/ allow organ to resist excessive stretching and distension e.g. dermis of skin
elastic: allows for stretching and recoil e.g. lung tissue + walls of elastic arteries

20
Q

types of connective tissue

A

loose
dense (reg, irreg, elastic)
bone (cortical and trabecular)
cartilage

21
Q

bone CT

A

widely spaced cells
large amount of matrix material- 15% water, 55% crystallised mineral salts, 30% collagen
collagen= provide flexibility
min salts= provide hardness

22
Q

blood supply of bone

A

requires good supply
calcified matrix doesnt allow diffusion

23
Q

bone structure

A

trabecular- spongy, inner bone and porous
all ways located in interior

cortical- compact, outer bone and rigid
protects trabecular, covers

24
Q

cortical bone

A

concentric units (ostens) made up of concentric lamellae= strength
arranged in osteons
central canals connected to each other by perforating canals (haversian system)
in an osteon, collagen fibres run in opposite directions
resists twisting forces
multiple layers prevent cracks spreading

25
Q

trabecular bone

A

always located in the interior of the bone
major type of bone tissue in short, flat, irregular bones
much lighter than cortical
supports red and yellow bone marrow
no osteons, arranged in trabeculae

26
Q

what is cartilage CT

A

widely spread cells- chondrocytes
large amount of matrix material- ground mats (chondroitin sulphate) and fibres (collage or elastin)
collagen fibres provide strength
chondroitin provides resilience

27
Q

what are the types of cartilage

A

hyaline
fibro
elastic

28
Q

what is hyaline cartilage

A

fine collagen fibres
provides smooth surface for movement at joints
gives flexibility and support
weakest form- can be fractured

29
Q

what is fibrocartilage

A

thick bundles of collagen fibres
strong and rigid
supports and joins structures

30
Q

what is elastic cartilage

A

threadlike network of elastic fibres
provides strength and elasticity
maintains shape of structures

31
Q

what is elastic cartilage

A

threadlike network of elastic fibres
provides strength and elasticity
maintains shape of structures

32
Q

differences between bone and cartilage

A

C: flexible
no nerves or blood vessels
relatively metabolically active

B: hard
lots of nerves and blood vessels
metabolically active

33
Q

differences between bone and cartilage

A

C: flexible
no nerves or blood vessels
relatively metabolically active

B: hard
lots of nerves and blood vessels
metabolically active

Anatomy and physiology (18 decks)

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