anatomical terminology Flashcards
what does anatomical neutral mean
-standing upright
-knees facing forward and legs straight
-palms facing forward
-toes pointing straight
-arms by side
what does supine mean
lying on back
what is prone?
lying on front
what is the coronal plane
divides body into front and back
what is the median sagittal plane?
divides body into left and right
passes through body front to back
what is the transverse/ axial/ horizontal plane
divides body into top and bottom
what does anterior mean
closer to front
what does posterior back
closer to back
what does inferior mean
closer to bottom
what does superior mean
closer to top
what does elevation mean
moving joint up
what does depression mean
moving joint down
what does abduction mean
moving limb away from midline
what does adduction mean
moving limb closer to the midline
what does proximal mean
closer to trunk
what does distal mean
further from trunk
what does superficial and deep mean
s: closer to surface
d: further from surface
what does flexion and extension mean
f: decreases angle of joint (bend)
e: increases angle of joint (straightens)
what does lateral and medial rotation mean
l: rotational movement away from the midline
m: rotational movement towards from the midline
what is erect mean
standing or sitting upright
what is lateral mean
turned to side
what is oblique mean
turned at an angle anywhere from flat to lateral
what is decubitus mean
lying on side
what does AP mean
central x-ray beam passes through the body from anterior to posterior
what does PA mean
central x-ray beam passes from posterior to anterior
what does lateral (PT) mean
central x-ray beam passes from one side of the body to the other
what are projections from the hand and feet called
DP projections
what does dorsopalmer mean
central beam passes through the dorsal of the hand and exists through the palm (PA)
what does dorsoplantar mean
central beam passes through the dorsum of the foot through the plantar surface (AP)
what is the 10 point checklist
patient ID
anatomical markers and legends
area of interest
collimation
patient position/technique
exposure
movement and sharpness
artefacts
pathology
overall diagnostic quality
what is an anatomical variant
-differences in the structure of the human body that deviate from what is considered normal anatomy
-considered non-pathological
-common, usually asymptomatic (not causing disease)
-important to recognise them to avoid misdiagnosis/ unnecessary interventions
