joints- classification and structure Flashcards
arthroses def.
joint
what are the degrees of movement of a joint (least to most)
synarthroses- no movement (between bones of cranium)
amphiarthroses- minimal movement (symphysis pubis- moves during childbirth)
diarthroses- free movement (hip, knee, shoulder, ankle)
what are fibrous joints
- no joint cavity
- held together by fibrous connective tissue (mostly collagen fibres)
- little to no movement
- sutures (skull), gomphoses (tooth), syndesmoses (inferior tibiofibular joint)
what are cartilaginous joints
- no joint cavity
- held together with cartilage (fibro/ hyaline)
- e.g. pubic symphysis, epiphysis plate
what are synovial joints
- most complex and numerous types of of joint in body
- have joint cavity
- subdivided by type of movement
features of synovial joint
- joint cavity: contains synovial fluid
- hyaline cartilage: covers articular aspects of bone
- articular capsule: outer fibrous and inner synovial membrane
what is articular cartilage
- provides flexibility & support
- absorbs forces transmitted through the joint
- weakest form of cartilage
- avascular
what is articular capsule
- sleeve like structure
- unites articulating bones
- two layers: outer fibrous capsule- dense irregular connective tissue, provides stability
inner synovial membrane- secretes synovial fluid, lubricates he joint and supplies the nutrients to the articular cartilage
intracapsular structures
articular discs: meniscus (knee)
help stabilise the joint
attached to fibrous capsule
assist bones of different shapes to articulate
ligaments: circulate ligaments (knees)
stabilise joint
fat pads: occur between synovial membrane and capsule
provide protection
fill spaces
deform when joints move
extracapsular structures
bursa: sac of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane
reduce friction between moving parts
tendons & ligaments: dense regular
mainly collagen
strong & pliable
tendons connect m to b - no stretch
ligaments connect b to b- some stretch
