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Medical Assisting > MA Chapter 33 Vocabulary > Flashcards

MA Chapter 33 Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

Apex

A

Top of the heart

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1
Q

Aneroid

A

The gauge on a blood pressure cuff.

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2
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Abnormal heart rate, rhythm and conduction.

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3
Q

Aural

A

Relate to, or received by the ear.

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4
Q

Auscultatory Gap

A

A period in which sound is not heard.

The disappearance of sounds between phases 1&2 of korokoff sounds

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5
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

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6
Q

Baseline

A

Measurement of vital signs that serves as a basis against which all subsequent vital signs are compared.

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7
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing.

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8
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations

A

Apnea&raquo_space;>gradually increasing depth and rate»>gradually decreasing depth and rate»>apnea.

Pattern seen in pts near death and with head injury.

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9
Q

Diurnal

A

Active during the day.

Temp. lowest in the morning

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10
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult breathing.

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11
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Abnormally fast breathing

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12
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Increased body temperature.

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13
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Sudden quick and deep breathing, characterized by the loss of too much CO2, which leads to lightheadedness, then anxiety. Have pt breath in paper bag to increase CO2 level.

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14
Q

Hypopnea

A

Abnormally slow breathing.

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15
Q

Hypothermia

A

Abnormally low body temperature. Core temperature below 95 degrees F. Shivering, blue skin, mental confusion, numbness, slurred speech.

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16
Q

Orthopnea

A

Person can breathe only standing up. Difficultly breathing while lying down.

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17
Q

Oral

A

By mouth

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18
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Sudden decrease in blood pressure when you stand up.

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19
Q

Palpate

A

Feel

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20
Q

Pyrexia

A

High fever. 103 - 105 degrees.

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21
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

Extremely high temperature. Over 105 degrees.
Can cause convulsions, brain damage, or death
Sponge with tepid water
Do not immerse in ice

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22
Q

Rectal

A

Pertains to the rectum.

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23
Q

Remittent Fever

A

A fever whose symptoms abate at regular intervals but still remains above normal

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24
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Instrument used to measure blood pressure.

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25
Q

Stethoscope

A

Instrument used to listen to breath and heart sounds

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26
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate

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27
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

28
Q

Tympanic

A

Area of the eardrums.

29
Q

Anthropometric Measurement

A

Measures the size of a patient.

30
Q

Core Temperature

A

98.6 - 99.4 degrees F
36 - 37.4 degrees C
Regulated by the Hypothalamus (just above the brain stem)
Metabolism is a chemical process that produces heat. I.e. digestion,respiration,ovulation,etc

31
Q

Fever/Low Grade Fever

A

Hypothalamus responds to disease and increases core temp. This increases the body’s ability to fight off the disease.
Shivering produces heat and constricted blood vessels help to maintain the temp.
Temps greater than 101 degrees F are usually treated.
Low grade 99 - 101, moderate 101.1 - 103

32
Q

Continuous Fever

A

Stays about the same all the time and returns when the medication wears off.

33
Q

Intermittent Fever

A

Spikes and returns to normal in a regular pattern

34
Q

Remittent Fever

A

Rises and falls but always above normal.

35
Q

Relapsing Fever

A

Goes away and returns.

36
Q

Glass (mercury/non-mercury) Thermometers

A

The alloy in the bulb expands with the heat and rises up the glass tube which is marked with a scale. Shake down to reset.
Pear shape-Oral use blue wrapper.
Round shape -Rectal use red wrapper.
Hold at eye level and rotate slowly to read.

37
Q

Electronic Thermometer

A

Disposable cover fits over tip.
Pace in charger when not in use.
Oral probe is blue.
Rectal probe is red.

38
Q

Tympanic Thermometer

A

Disposable ear tip cover.
Infrared signal bounces off eardrum.
Straighten ear.– adults pull slightly up and back.
– children slightly back.

39
Q

Disposable Forehead Thermometers

A

Less accurate

40
Q

Pulse

A

Heartbeats that are throbbing in places, in the body, where the arteries are compressed against bone.

41
Q

What can increase your pulse?

A 
Stress
Emotions
Physical Activity
Fever
Pain
Infection
Later in the day
Women have a faster pulse than men.
42
Q

What can decrease your pulse?

A

Depression
Chronic illness
Dehydration
Hemorrhage

43
Q

Things that can either increase or decrease your pulse.

A

Medications

Heat and circulatory disease

44
Q

Characteristics of a pulse. (3)

A
  1. Rate - # of beats per minute.
  2. Rhythm - time between pulsations (are the evenly spread)
  3. Volume - Strength. Strong is called bounding.
    Weak may be called thready.
45
Q

Arteries that can be used to check pulses.

A 
Temporal
Carotid 
Apical
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
46
Q

What are normal rates for a pulse?

A

Adult 60 - 100
7 - 12 60 - 100
1 - 7. 80 - 120
Infants. 110 - 170

47
Q

How do you check a pulse?

A

If it is regular - count for 30 seconds and multiply by 2.
If irregular - count for full 60 seconds.
If weak - do an apical pulse with a stethoscope over apex of heart, count for 60 seconds.

48
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm

49
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate - greater than 100 bpm.

50
Q

How do Respirations occur?

A

When CO2 levels increase the medulla oblongata (in the center of brain stem) responds.

51
Q

COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

Breathing is in response to decreased O2 levels.

DO NOT increase oxygen

52
Q

Factors that increase Respiratory rate

A

Fever
Exercise
Excitement
Stimulant

53
Q

Factors that decrease Respiratory rate

A

Sleep
Head injuries
Narcotics

54
Q

Characteristics of Rspirations

A

Rate - per minute (if no symptoms can count for 30 sec. X 2)
Rhythm - how even, regular intervals and depth.
Depth - amount in and out i.e. shallow

55
Q

What is Blood Pressure?

A

Pressure against the walls of Arteries which carry blood throughout the body.

56
Q

2 numbers in mmHg. What are they?

A

Systole - when the heart ventricles contract.

Diastole - between heartbeats (shows arteries resistance to blood flow)

57
Q

5 Physiologic Factors for Control of Blood Pressure

A
  1. Blood volume - kidneys regulate volume. > the vol. the ^ the BP.
  2. Peripheral Resistance - constriction of arteriolar. > constr. ^ BP
  3. Elasticity of artery walls.
  4. Heart’s pumping actions.
  5. Blood viscosity - thickness of blood.
58
Q

Factors increasing Blood Pressure

A 
Exercise
Stress
Anxiety
Increased weight
Smoking
Pain
59
Q

Factors that Decrease Blood Pressure

A

Hemorrhage
Depression
Dehydration
Relaxation

60
Q

Medications that decrease Blood Pressure

A

Beta-Blockers - decrease heart rate & BP response of beta receptors in heart, arteries and vessels.
ARB inhibitors
Diuretics - water absorption from the kidneys
Vasodilators - relax arteries
Calcium Channel Blockers - systemic vasodilation

61
Q

How to take Blood Pressure measurement

A

Listen over brachial artery with stethoscope while decreasing slowly. Systolic - the first beat you hear is the blood flow against resistance until Diastolic - there is no longer any resistance.

62
Q

Korokoff Sounds - 5 Phases

A
  1. Tapping - Systolic
  2. Soft swishing
  3. Distinctive Tapping
  4. Fainter
  5. No sound - Diastolic
63
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

Systolic - Diastolic = Pulse Pressure

Average 30 - 50 mm Hg

64
Q 
Average Blood Pressure by Ages
Infant - 3
3 - 6
6 - 13
13 - 19
Adult
A 
Infant - 3        90/50
3 - 6.              94/56
6 - 13.            110/70
13 - 19.          120/80
Adult.             120/80
65
Q

Selecting BP Cuff

A

Width of the cuff should be 2/3 the size of the patient’s arm.

66
Q

Under what circumstances should you not use a patient’s arm?

A
  • if a pt has had a mastectomy on that side.

- if a pt has a shunt for dialysis

67
Q

Documentation of BP

A

Note position of pt if not sitting.
Note which arm
Record in chart as soon as they are taken.

Medical Assisting (23 decks)

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