HA&T Chapter 15 Flashcards
Osteoclasts
Bone phagocytes. Large cells that digest bony tissue
Osteoblasts
Immature bone cells
Sesamoid bones
Small rounded bones, resembling sesame seeds in shape. They are found near joints and increase the efficiency of muscles near a particular joint. Kneecap is the largest example.
Flat bones
Are found covering soft body parts. I.e. skull, shoulder blades, ribs, and pelvic bones
Short bones
Are found in the wrist and ankle. Are small and irregularly shaped.
Long bones
Found in the thigh, lower leg, upper and lower arm. These bones are very strong, and are broad at the ends where they join up with other bones. They have large areas for muscle attachment.
Diaphysis
Shaft, or middle region of a long bone.
Epiphysis
Each end of a long bone.
Epiphyseal line or plate
Represents an area of cartilage tissue the is constantly being replaced by new bone tissue as the bone grows. AKA growth plate
Metaphysis
Is the flared portion of the bone. It lies between the epiphysis and the diaphysis, adjacent to epiphyseal plate.
Periosteum
Is a strong fibrous vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones, except at the epiphyses. Has nerve supply. Other types of bones also covered with periosteum.
Articular cartilage
The ends of long bones and the surface of any bone that meets another bone to form a joint are covered with articulate cartilage. Cartilage is a strong, thick, slick tissue. It cushions joint and allows it to moves smoothly
Compact (cortical) bone
Is a layer of hard dense bone that lies under the periosteum in all bones and is located chiefly around diaphysis of long bones.
Haversian canals
Canals found in compacts bone through which blood vessels transport nutrients and oxygen to bone tissue and remove wastes.
Medullary cavity
Hollowed out central shaft of long bones that contain yellow bone marrow, which is chiefly comprised of fat cells
Cancellous bone
AKA spongy or trabecular bone, is much more porous and less dense than compact bone. Made up of interwoven fibers called trabecular, this type of bone can be found largely in the epiphysis and metaphysics of long bones and middle portion of most other bones. Contains red blood marrow
Red blood marrow
Consists of immature and mature red blood cells in various stages of development
Hematopoiesis
Is the formation of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow
Bone processes
Are enlarged areas that out from the bone to serve as attachments muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
Bone depressions
Are openings or hollow regions serving as connections between bones or passageways for blood vessels or nerves.
Sutures
The joints of the cranial bones
Fontanelles
The gaps of unossified tissue in the skull of an infant at birth
Bone head
Rounded head of a bone. Ball joint
Condyle
Rounded knuckle-like process
Epicondyle
Small rounded process above the condyle
Trochanters
Large and small processes for tendon attachments
Tuberosity
Small round elevation where tendons and muscles attach
Fissure
Narrow groove or slit-like opening
Foramen
Opening for blood vessels and nerves
Fossa
Shallow cavity in or on a bone
Sinus
Hollow cavity within a bone
Frontal bone
Forms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes.
Parietal bone
The two bones (one on each side of the skull) that form the roof and the upper part of the sides of the cranium.
Temporal bone
The 2 bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium.each bone encloses an ear and contains a fossa for joining with the mandible.
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Area of connection between the temporal and mandibular bones.
Occipital bone
Forms the back and base of the skull and joins the parietal and temporal bones forming a suture.
Foramen magnum
An opening through the inferior portion of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
Sphenoid bone
The bat shaped bone that extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull..
Ethmoid bone
The thin delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the sockets of the eyes.
Nasal bones
The two slender bones that support the bridge of the nose. They join with the frontal bone superiorly and form part of the nasal septum.
Lacrimal bones
The two small thin bones located at the corner of each eye. The lacrimal bones contain fossa for the lacrimal gland (tear gland) and canals for the lacrimal duct.
Maxillary bones
The two large bones that compose the massive upper jawbones. They are joined by a suture in the median plane. If the two bones do not come together normally before birth the condition known as cleft palate results.
Mandibular bone
The lower jawbone. Both the maxilla and the mandible contain the sockets called alveoli in which the teeth are imbedded.
Zygomatic bones
The two bones, one on each side of the face, that form the high portion of the cheek.
Vomer
The thin single flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum.