FINAL Hematological Testing

Question 0

Why can RBC be elevated?

Answer 0

Dehydration and burns

Question 1

6 parts of the CBC ( Complete Blood Count)

Answer 1

1. RBC 6. Red Cell Indices
2. WBC
3. Hemoglobin
4. Microhematocrit
5. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Question 2

Why can RBC be Too low?

Answer 2

Anemia or bleeding

Question 3

What gauge needle should be used to prevent hemolysis?

Answer 3

18 gauge

Question 4

What is the approximate # of circulating Leukocytes in blood?

Answer 4

4500 - 11,000/mm3

Question 5

What does and increase in WBC mean?

Answer 5

Possible infection or possible corticosteroid use.

Question 6

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 6

Protein molecule in RBC that carries oxygen. It is 85% of a RBC’s weight.
14-18mg/100ml in males
12-16mg/100ml in females

Question 7

What is a microhematocrit?

Answer 7

It measures the % of packed RBC in a volume of blood.

A reading of 40 means 40% of the blood’s volume is RBCs.
Normal male 39-49 g/DL
Normal female 38-45 g/DL

Question 8

What is a hemoglobinometer?

Answer 8

A device that measures the hemoglobin amount.

Question 9

What is ESR?

Answer 9

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, ESR, Sed Rate
Measures in mm of sedimentation that forms in 1 hour (mm/hr)
Screening tool for the inflammatory process

Question 10

Red Cell Indices

Quantitative amount of hemoglobin as well as size, shape, and number of RBC
MCV, MCH, MCHC, RCDW

Answer 10

Mean Cell Volume (MCV)-measures the size of RBCs. Machine
Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH)-Hemoglobin amount per RBC
Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)-Amount of Hgb relative to the size of the cell/ RBC. Calculated Hgb/Hct=MCHC
MCH=Hgb/RBC count

Question 11

What are coagulation studies for?

Answer 11

Measure ability of blood to clot

Includes PT, PTT, INR

Question 12

What is the goal of anticoagulant therapy?

Answer 12

To prolong time for blood to clot without causing excessive bleeding (3 times normal)

Blue capped tube, if not done immediately, centrifuge

Question 13

What are the 2 clotting pathways

Answer 13

Extrinsic pathway - dependent on vitamin K

Intrinsic pathway - not dependent on vitamin K

Question 14

Which test uses the Extrinsic Pathway?

Answer 14

Prothrombin Time (PT)

For patients on Warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 15

Which test uses the intrinsic pathway?

Answer 15

Partial Prothromboplastin Time (PTT)
For hemophiliacs ( deficient in factor viii or factor ix)

Assesses heparin therapy

Question 16

What is INR?

Answer 16

International Normalized Ratio
Corrects variations between labs
Normal value of an INR is 1
If taking anticoagulants should be maintained between 2.0 - 3.5

Question 17

What is FBS?

Answer 17

Fasting Blood Sugar- glucose level after pt has been fasting for 8-10 hours prior to test, normal levels 80-109

Question 18

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

Answer 18

Glucose
Calcium
Electrolytes - Sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide, chloride
Blood, urea, nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine

Question 19

System Function Tests (SFT) Heart???

Answer 19

SGOT. Enzyme found in muscles

Question 20

SFT — Kidney??

Answer 20

BUN

Electrolytes

Question 21

SFT— Liver

Answer 21

SGPT

GGTP

Question 22

SFT— Pancreas

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

SFT– Thyroid

Answer 23

T4 (thyroxine) - hormone secreted by thyroid gland

TSH