FINAL Phlebotomy Cards

Question 0

Prep for blood alcohol levels

Answer 0

To clean the site before drawing for a blood alcohol, use hydrogen peroxide not alcohol

Question 1

Prep for fasting blood tests

Answer 1

Pt must be without food or drink for 8-10 hours. Water ok

Question 2

Prep for blood cultures

Answer 2

Site must be cleaned with 70%-90% alcohol and then 2% iodine.

Question 3

What is the most important step in vein puncture?

Answer 3

Identifying the patient.
Blood drawn on the wrong pt would be negligence.
Drawing on a pt who is refusing is considered battery

Question 4

Tourniquet what do u do with it

Answer 4

Do not keep it in place more 2 minutes

Place 3-4 inches above puncture site

Question 5

Correct order of draw

Young Little Boys Really Get Girls Labias Going

Answer 5

1. Yellow.
2. Light Blue
3. Red.
4. Gold, red/gray
5. Green
6. Lavender
7. Gray

Question 6

Yellow Top Tube

Answer 6

Sterile
Sodium chloride
For body fluids and blood cultures

Question 7

Light Blue Tube

Answer 7

Sodium Citrate
Coagulation test
PT, PTT, INR

Question 8

Red

Answer 8

No additives

For chemistries, serology (serum), HIV, ABO

Centrifuge- stand 30 minutes tests on serum (liquid part of blood)

Question 10

Gold or red/gray

Answer 10

Has serum separator silicon gel (clot activator) SST
Stand 40 minutes before centrifuge

For RBC, plasma, Buffy coat

Whole blood left at room temp will clot in approx 20 minutes

Question 11

Green

Answer 11

Sodium heparin or lithium heparin (anticoagulant)

For medication levels

Question 12

Lavender

Answer 12

EDTA

For whole blood, Hg, Hct, CBC, ESR, and HbA1C

Question 13

Gray

Answer 13

Potassium oxalate or Sodium fluoride ( anticoagulant)

Just glucose, drug screening, and alcohol screening

Question 14

Royal Blue

Answer 14

Varies by manufactures

Lead, iron levels

Question 15

Other tube info

Answer 15

Tube sizes vary, fill completely to insure proper proportion of additive to blood

Coagulation studies discard first drawn sample

Question 16

Evacuation Tube Method

Answer 16

Medium to large veins

Vacuumed tubes, as blood is drawn into the tube by the force of the negative pressure, the pressure equalizes & blood stops

Question 17

Syringe method

Answer 17

For small delicate veins

Can only obtain 10 ml blood

Transfer to tubes immediately

Question 18

To make draws easier, what can you do?

Answer 18

Have Pt make a fist

Apply a warm soak

Question 19

Butterfly (winged infusion set) method

Answer 19

Back of hand or smaller delicate veins

Drawing on a child
Can be into a syringe or evacuation tubes
21g - 25g 3/4 inch

Question 21

What if a hematoma forms

If bleeding continues….

History of collapsed veins

Answer 21

Apply firm pressure for 3 minutes, apply ice, notify supervisor.

Bleeding con’ts after blood draw complete - apply pressure, elevate above head & use ice

Hx of collapsed veins (top & bottom of vein touch stopping blood) - do not use evacuated tube method, small vein protocol

Question 22

Errors in blood draw that cause hemolysis

4

Answer 22

• Syringe to quickly
• tourniquet not loosened during draw
• removing needle before tube
• needle gauge too small (18 gauge needed for cmc)

Question 23

Error causing hematoma

Hematoma. Large bruised area caused by blood leaking into surrounding tissues

Answer 23

1. Needle goes through vein
2. Remove needle with tourniquet on
3. Not enough pressure applied after needle has been removed