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Medical Assisting > ECG EXAM 1 > Flashcards

ECG EXAM 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

S/S of heart disease (s/shd)

Angina pectoris

A

Short attacks of pain provoked by exertion and relieved by rest

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1
Q

Compromised heart function can be:

A

Altered rhythm
Weak contractions
Blocked blood flow

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2
Q

S/shd

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm

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3
Q

S/shd

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate, greater than 100 bpm

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4
Q

S/shd

Claudication

A

Pain and weakness in legs when walking because of inadequate blood flow

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5
Q

S/shd

Palpatation

A

Skipping or racing heartbeat felt by the patient

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6
Q

S/shd

Hypertension

A

Consistent blood pressure greater then 140/90

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7
Q

Arteriography/angiography

A

X-rays after injection of dye

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8
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Visualizes heart and measures pressure

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9
Q

Echocardiogram

A

Ultrasound waves to visualize heart

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10
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Tracing of the hearts electrical activity

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11
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Narrowing of the aorta causing decreased blood flow

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12
Q

Bacterial endocarditis

A

Infection of heart lining and valves

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13
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium

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14
Q

Myocardial infrarction

A

Death of heart tissue due to lack of oxygen

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15
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Valve does not close properly

16
Q

CAD

A

Coronary Artery Disease

  • Atherosclerosis that is located in coronary arteries
  • This decreases blood supply to the coronary arteries
  • Producing blockages in the vessels which nourish the heart itself
17
Q

PAD

A

Peripheral Artery Disease
-Results from fatty deposits (plaque) that build up in the arteries outside the heart, mainly arteries supplying legs and feet. This buildup narrows or blocks your arteries & reduces the amount of blood and O2 delivered to your leg muscles and feet

18
Q

Arteries

A
  • take blood away from the heart

- contain oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery and umbilical artery

19
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Deposits of cholesterol and lipids occur along the walls of the arteries this decreases the flexibility of the vessels and causes blockages

20
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlarged heart

21
Q

Aneurysm

A

Weakness of blood vessel wall

22
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of walls of a vein

23
Q

Thrombosis

A

Blood clot

24
Q

Embolus

A

Blood clot that travels

25
Q

3 unchangeable risks for HD

A
  • increasing age - 4 out of 5 people who die of CAD are 65 yrs or older.
  • gender, men at greater risk earlier. Women catch up after menopause
  • Heredity, blacks have more severe HTN
26
Q

Changeable risks for HD

A
  • cigarette smoking
  • high cholesterol
  • HTN
  • physical inactivity
  • obesity and overweight
  • diabetes
  • stress
27
Q

Why do an ECG

6

A
  • evaluate how well the heart is pumping & contracting
  • dx electrical conduction problems within the heart
  • dx changes in heart rhythm
  • pre-op check for abnormalities
  • evaluate Pt health, esp. after age 40
  • monitor Pts w/heart conditions
28
Q

Dr. Augusta Waller did what, when?

A

In 1887 showed electrical currents are produced by the heart and can be recorded.

29
Q

Wilhelm Einthoven did what, when?

A

He was a Dutch physiologist who invented the first electrocardiography in 1903. In 1924 he won the Nobel peace prize in physiology.

30
Q

James B. Henrick did what, when?

A

In 1918, he showed that abnormal tracings and physical symptoms could indicate MI.

31
Q

Polarization

A

Heart cells in their resting state are electrically polarized.
The insides are negatively charged and the outsides are positively charged.

32
Q

Depolarization

A

State of cellular stimulation which produces a contraction ACTIVE phase.

  • cells of the heart lose negative charge
  • depolarization moves from cell to cell thru an electrical pathway.
  • causes the heart to contract
  • Na+, then Ca enters the cell to contract. Then K+ moves out and depolarization begins. The K+ tells the cells to relax for a moment.
33
Q

Repolarization

A

State of cellular recovery which follows a contraction

  • cardiac cells return to phase if internal negativity
  • during the phase the heart relaxes for refilling of its chambers
34
Q

Refractory periods

A

When cycles reset to prepare for the next wave
-Absolute refractory period - no stimulus can cause another action
( toilet - no flush)
-Relative refractory period - possible to cause another action but it’s intensity will be relative to the time in this period (little flush)

Medical Assisting (23 decks)

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