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M8: Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Meiosis in males is called ________________ and produces sperms.

A

spermatogenesis

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2
Q

Meiosis in females is called __________ and produces ova.

A

oogenesis

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3
Q

Two MAJOR stages in meiosis (meiosis __ and meiosis ___).

A

meiosis I and meiosis II

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4
Q

fertilization

23 egg cell + 23 sperm cell = 46 _________

A

zygote

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

cell division that produces gametes

A

meiosis

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7
Q

differences of mitosis and meiosis

mitosis
- ___ cell division
- __ daughter cells
- _______ = 2n
- __ chromosomes

meiosis
- __ cell division
- __ cell product
- _________ = n
- ___ chromosomes

A

differences of mitosis and meiosis

mitosis
- 1 cell division
- 2 daughter cells
- diploid = 2n
- 46 chromosomes

meiosis
- 2 cell division
- 4 cell product
- haploid = n
- 23 chromosomes

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8
Q

top of the chromatid - ____ color
bottom of chromatid - ____ color

A

top of the chromatid - eye color
bottom of chromatid - hair color

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9
Q

location where you can find gene

A

locus

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10
Q

Phases of Cell Division of Gametes

Same in mitotic division (G1. S- phase, G2)
Replication of DNA
Homologous chromosomes

A

interphasw

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11
Q

Same gene sequence
Same loci
Centromere location
Chromosomal length

A

Homologous chromosomes

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12
Q

Prophase I

Divided into 5 stages;
l________
Z__________
P___________
D_________
d_____________

A

Divided into 5 stages;
Leptotene
Zygotene
Pachytene
Diplotene
Diakinesis

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13
Q

chromosomes begin to condense and attain a compact structure.

A

leptotene

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14
Q

Chromosomal synapsis - pairing of chromosomes.

A

zygotene

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15
Q

connects and pairs the two homologous chromosomes

A

Synaptonemal complex

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16
Q

Forms a bivalent/ tetrad.
Homologous pairs

A

zygotene

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17
Q

a continuation of what happens in gap 2

A

leptotene

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18
Q

Synaptonemal complex

A

zygotene

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19
Q

crossing over of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

A

pachytene

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20
Q

Cross - linked of one arm of non - sister chromatids at the Recombination nodule

A

pachytene

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21
Q

Formation of chiasmapachytene

A

pachytene

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22
Q

crossing over of genes - exchange of gene

A

pachytene

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23
Q

one of the most important processes wherein variation of cells happen

A

pachytene

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24
Q

a break in one of the sister chromatids

A

chiasma

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25
marks the dissolution of the synaptonemal complex
diplotene
26
separation of the homologous chromosomes of the bivalents except at the sites of cross-over.
diplotene
27
diplotene The X-shaped structures formed during separation are known as ___________
chiasmata
28
Termination of chiasmata
diakinesis
29
assembly of the meiotic spindle to separate the homologous chromosomes.
diakinesis
30
nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
diakinesis
31
Longest and most complex phase (90%).
prophase 1
32
Chromosomes condense.
prophase 1
33
Synapsis occurs: homologous chromosomes come together to form a tetrad.
prophase 1
34
prophase 1 ______- is two chromosomes or four chromatids (sister and nonsister chromatids).
tetrad
35
Shortest phase
Metaphase I
36
Alignment of chromosomes at the center.
Metaphase I
37
Independent Assortment: Variation
Metaphase I
38
Random pairing of chromosomes in the middle Formula: 2^n 8,____,608 combinations (humans)
8,388,608 combinations
39
s a tool used by scientists to identify, organize, and study human chromosomes
Karyotyping
40
CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS PROBLEM DURING __- PHASE (REPLICATION) > Structure of c____________ > Deletion, d__________, Inversion, t_________
PROBLEM DURING S- PHASE (REPLICATION) > Structure of chromosomes > Deletion, duplication, Inversion, translocation
41
CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS PROBLEM DURING METAPHASE, METAPHASE 1 OR 2 > Number of chromosomes > non_____________> eu____ and an______
CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS PROBLEM DURING METAPHASE, METAPHASE 1 OR 2 > Number of chromosomes > nondisjunction > Euploidy and Aneuploidy
42
removes a chromosomal segment
deletion
43
AKA 5p- syndrome or cat cry syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome
44
is a rare genetic condition that is caused by the deletion of genetic material on the small arm (the p arm) of chromosome 5.
Cri du chat syndrome
45
high-pitched cat-like cry
Cri du chat syndrome - Symptoms
46
mental retardation
Cri du chat syndrome - Symptoms
47
delayed development
Cri du chat syndrome - Symptoms
48
distinctive facial features, small head size (microcephaly)
Cri du chat syndrome - Symptoms
49
widely-spaced eyes (hypertelorism)
Cri du chat syndrome - Symptoms
50
low birth weight
Cri du chat syndrome - Symptoms
51
weak muscle tone (hypotonia) in infancy.
Cri du chat syndrome - Symptoms
52
repeats a segment
duplication
53
duplication of chromosomal material on the long arm (q) of one of the chromosomes
Partial Trisomy 13q Syndrome
54
abnormal facial features
Partial Trisomy 13q Syndrome
55
growth and developmental delays, and birth abnormalities.
Partial Trisomy 13q Syndrome
56
also a mental health retardation
Partial Trisomy 13q Syndrome
57
X -Chromosome defect Do not produce factor VIII Excessive bleeding
Hemophilia A
58
reverses a segments within a chromosome
inversion
59
moves a segment from one chromosome to another non homologous one
translocation
60
Infertility and Cancer
translocation
61
occurs when homologous chromosomes (meiosis I) or sister chromatids (meiosis II) fail to separate during meiosis.
Nondisjunction
62
refers to the state of having a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of a chromosome number.
Euploidy
63
Euploidy haploid > diploid (2) > T_______ (3) > t_________ (4)
Euploidy haploid > diploid (2) > triploid (3) > tetraploid (4)
64
refers to the state of having a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of a chromosome number common in plants.
Euploidy
65
Common in plants, rarely in animals. Causes formation of new species
Euploidy
66
Refers to a condition in which one or a few chromosomes are added or deleted from the normal chromosome number.
Aneuploidy
67
Aneuploidy 1. N__________ 2. Monosomy 3. t___________ 4. tetrasomy
1. Nullisomy 2. Monosomy 3. Trisomy 4. tetrasomy
68
Very lethal in humans
Nullisomy Disorder
69
Turner’s Syndrome results from
Monosomy
70
signs of what syndrome from monosomy short stature low hairline shield shaped thorax widely spread nipples shortened metacarpal IV small fingernails brown spots (nevi)
Turner’s Syndrome
71
signs of what syndrome from monosomy characteristic facial features fold of skin constriction of aorta poor breast development elbow deformity redimentary ovaries gonadal streak (underdeveloped gonadal structures) no menstruation
Turner’s Syndrome
72
syndromes because of trisomy
Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down’s Syndrome
73
what syndrome from trisomy has this signs and symptoms growth failure, mental retardation flat back of head abnormal ears many "loops" on fingertips palm crease special skin ridge patterns unilateral or bilateral absence of one rib intestinal blockage umbilical hernia abnormal pelvis diminished muscle tone
Down’s Syndrome
74
what syndrome from trisomy has this signs and symptoms broad flat face slanting eyes epicanthic eyefold short nose short and broad hands small and arched palate big wrinkled tongue dental anomalies congenital heart disease enlarged colon big toes widely spaced
Down’s Syndrome
75
syndrome because of tetrasomy
48,XXXX syndrome
76
what syndrome from tetrasomy has this signs and symptoms Mild to moderate speech and learning difficulties; developmental delay; distinctive facial features; dental abnormalities; hypotonia and joint laxity;
48,XXXX syndrome
77
what syndrome from tetrasomy has this signs and symptoms radioulnar synostosis; heart defects; hip dysplasia; problems with ovarian function.
48,XXXX syndrome

Biology (17 decks)

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