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Biology > M11: Energy Transformation > Flashcards

M11: Energy Transformation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Is the study of the chemical substances and processes that occur in plants, animals, and microorganisms and of the changes they undergo during development and life.

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

focuses on how living cells often produce, store or consume ATP.

A

Bioenergetics

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3
Q

understand how cells transfer energy in relation to processes like Respiration and Photosynthesis.

A

Bioenergetics

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4
Q

Is the process by which cells transform energy from one form to another.

A

Bioenergetics

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5
Q

Potential Energy

  1. C________
  2. T________
A

chemical
thermal

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6
Q

kinetic energy

  1. t________
  2. h_______
  3. E________
  4. R__________
A

thermal
heat
electrical
radiant

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7
Q

Potential Energy

____________ - Energy found in a substance

A

Chemical Energy

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8
Q

Stored chemical energy in a substance. (chemical bonds, nuclear bonds, electrostatic or intermolecular bonds)

A

thermal energy

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9
Q

Energy produce when atoms vibrate and produce heat

A

Thermal Energy

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10
Q

Energy in a substance that is being transferred because of a difference in temperature

A

Heat Energy

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11
Q

Energy produce when electrons move.

A

Electrical Energy

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12
Q

Energy produce when photons move.

A

Radiant Energy

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13
Q

Laws of Energy Transformation = Laws of T_________________

A

Laws of Energy Transformation = Laws of Thermodynamics

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14
Q

In biology, it refers to the study of energy transduction that occur in a living organisms.

A

Thermodynamics

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15
Q

the act of changing energy from one form to another

A

Transduction

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16
Q

Organisms need e_________to stay alive. > Organisms are energy t___________. > Organisms take in energy and t_______- it into new forms.

A

Organisms need energy to stay alive. > Organisms are energy transformers. > Organisms take in energy and transduce it into new forms.

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17
Q

Why is transduction in living organisms important?

To generate and maintain s________

To allow all kinds of m________

To maintain concentration and electrical gradients across membranes.

To maintain body t__________.

A

To generate and maintain structure

To allow all kinds of movement

To maintain concentration and electrical gradients
across membranes.

To maintain body temperature.

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18
Q

Example of Transduction in Biology

Light to Chemical energy – P___________

Light to Electrical energy – E_____ V_______

Chemical to Electrical – N__________ system

Chemical to Mechanical – m_________

Chemical to Chemical energy – R__________

A

Example of Transduction in Biology

Light to Chemical energy – Photosynthesis

Light to Electrical energy – Eye Vision

Chemical to Electrical – Nervous system

Chemical to Mechanical – Muscles

Chemical to Chemical energy – Respiration

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19
Q

It is the part of the universe on which you focus your attention.

A

Systems

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20
Q

Includes everything else in the universe

A

Surroundings

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21
Q

It is made up of both the systems and surroundings.

A

Universe

22
Q

In photosynthesis the systems are the:

T_________
S________
All molecules/ compounds

A

Thylakoid
Stroma
All molecules/ compounds

23
Q

in photocynthesis the surroundings are:

C_______
Cytoplasm
O___________
The whole cell

A

in photocynthesis the surroundings are:

Chlorophyll
Cytoplasm
Organelles
The whole cell

24
Q

Types of Systems

  1. open
  2. c____
  3. i________
A

Types of Systems

  1. open
  2. close
  3. isolated
25
Q

Flow of matter and energy changes into and out of the system is used to perform chemical and physical processes (metabolism).

A

open thermodynamic system -cell

26
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics
a.k.a
Law of conservation of e_________

A

1st Law of Thermodynamics
a.k.a
Law of conservation of energy

27
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics
a.k.a
Law of e_________-

A

entropy

28
Q

Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it can only change in form.

A

1st Law of Thermodynamics

29
Q

he quantity of energy of the universe always remain constant.

A

1st Law of Thermodynamics

30
Q

Used to form complex carbohydrates necessary to build plant mass.

A

glucose

31
Q

Change into ATP needed to perform cell functions such as DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis, cell movement, endocytosis, exocytosis, and apoptosis.

A

Glucose

32
Q

Change into ATP into work energy

A

Glucose

33
Q

By Rudolf Clausius

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

34
Q

Also known as the Law of Entropy.

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

35
Q

states that any spontaneously occurring process will always lead to an escalation in the entropy of the universe.

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

36
Q

Change in the way matter and/or energy is distributed within the system.

A

spontaneous process

37
Q

states that any spontaneously occurring process will always lead to an escalation in the entropy of the universe.

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

38
Q

A thermodynamic (energy) function that describes the degree of randomness or probability of existence.

A

Entropy

39
Q

What is the significance of Entropy ?

The driving force for a spontaneous process is an _______- in the entropy of the ___________.

A

The driving force for a spontaneous process is an increase in the entropy of the universe.

40
Q

A system and its surroundings always proceed to a state of maximum d_________ or entropy

A

A system and its surroundings always proceed to a state of maximum disorder or entropy

41
Q

The total energy of the universe is ___________ , but the _________ is increasing.

A

The total energy of the universe is constant, but the entropy is increasing.

42
Q

Energy conversions are (not/always) 100% efficient. Some can be transduced in another form of energy.

A

always

43
Q

meaning of ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

44
Q

ATP is composed of nitrogenous base called, ________________, bound to the _________________ ribose and _________________ phosphate groups the bonds between the three phosphate groups are high energy- an enormous amount of energy is packed into these bonds.

A

adenine
sugar
three

45
Q

When energy is needed, the ___________________ phosphate group is removed in a process called ___________________ releasing energy and forming adenosine ______________________.

A

terminal
hydolysis
diphosphate

46
Q

This cycle from ATP to ADP and back again to ATP is called the _____________________.

A

atp cycle

47
Q

Coupled Reaction

___________ reaction + _________ reaction

A

exergonic + endergonic

48
Q

break chemical bonds of large reactants and produce smaller products

A

Exergonic Reaction

49
Q

form chemical bonds of smaller reactants to produce larger products

A

Endergonic Reaction

50
Q

Release energy

A

Exergonic Reaction

51
Q

Absorbs energy

A

Endergonic Reaction

Biology (12 decks)

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