M15: Cellular Respiration Flashcards
The sum of the chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism and that provide energy for vital processes and for synthesizing new organic material.
METABOLISM
2 TYPES OF METABOLISM
- C______
- A________
catabolism and anabolism
Breaks down bigger molecules to smaller molecules
Catabolism
makes and released energy
Catabolism
Potential energy is converted into kinetic.
Catabolism
Required to perform different activities in living entities.
Catabolism
Construct smaller molecules into bigger molecules
Anabolism
Uses energy
Anabolism
Kinetic energy is converted into potential energy
Anabolism
It is required for maintenance, growth, and storage.
Anabolism
When a molecule loses an electron
NADH to NAD+
OXIDATION
The physical and chemical processes (such as breathing and diffusion) by which an organism supplies its cells and tissues with the oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves them of the carbon dioxide formed in energy-producing reactions.
RESPIRATION
When a molecule gain an electron
NAD+ and NADH
REDUCTION
3 STEPS OF RESPIRATION
E_______ respiration
I_________ respiration
C__________ respiration
External respiration
Internal respiration
Cellular respiration
respiration between environment and lungs
External respiration
respiration between blood and cell
internal respiration
Chemical reaction which breakdown nutrients to release energy.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Involves the conversion of food to energy.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Organisms’ breakdown glucose from food to create energy, known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
It occurs inside the living cells of all types of organisms (from prokaryotic bacteria and Achaeans to eukaryotic protests, fungi, plants, and animals) to carry out various vital activities like muscle contraction, nerve transmission, cell division, etc.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
2 TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
A_________ and A_________
2 TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Release of energy
Breakdown of glucose
Catabolic and exergonic reaction
Using oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Release energy
Breakdown of glucose
Catabolic and exergonic reaction
no oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + w_____ + e_____
Aerobic Respiration
Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy
Anaerobic Respiration
Animal (lactic acid fermentation)
Glucose > L____ A_____ + e______
Anaerobic Respiration
Animal (lactic acid fermentation)
Glucose > Lactic Acid + Energy
Anaerobic Respiration
Bacteria, Plants, and Yeasts (ethanol fermentation)
Glucose > E_____ + c_____ d_____ + e______
Anaerobic Respiration
Bacteria, Plants, and Yeasts (ethanol fermentation)
Glucose > ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
Breakdowns glucose to produce ATP without the use of oxygen.
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
2 STEPS OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
- g________
- f________
2 STEPS OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
- glycolysis
- fermentation
glucose is broken down by ATP, NAD+ and Enzymes (E)
Location: Cytoplasm in the cytosol
glycolysis
Stages of glycolysis
2 ATP and e________ breakdown glucose to form glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate (PGAL)
Enzymes add free __ to form 1,3 b_______________
Reduction/ Formation of 2 N_____
Formation of 4 ____
Stages of glycolysis
2 ATP and enzymes breakdown glucose to form glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate (PGAL)
Enzymes add free P to form 1,3 biphosphoglycerate
Reduction/ Formation of 2 NADH
Formation of 4 ATP
END OF GLYCOLYSIS WE HAVE:
- 2 p________ (C3H4O3)
- 2 ______
- 4 A____
How many ATP molecules was gained in this process?
__ ATP
END OF GLYCOLYSIS WE HAVE:
- 2 pyruvate (C3H4O3)
- 2 NADH
- 4 ATP
How many ATP molecules was gained in this process?
2 ATP
Occurs when cells do not have enough oxygen.
Makes sure that glycolysis will continue.
LOCATION: Cytoplasm in the cytosol
FERMENTATION
STAGES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
- formation of _____ acid
- r___________ of ______
STAGES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
- formation of lactic acid
- regeneration of NAD+
END OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION WE HAVE:
- 2 _______ ______ (C3H6O3)
- __ ATP (net gain of __ ATP)
- 2 _____
END OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION WE HAVE:
- 2 lactic acid (C3H6O3)
- 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)
- 2 NAD+
why is lactic acid fermentation important?
because it r___________ NAD+ needed to start g_________ again
why is lactic acid fermentation important?
because it regenerate NAD+ needed to start gloycolysis again
Provide immediate energy during strenuous exercises
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
Lack of oxygen in muscles
Can cause muscle fatigue or cramps
OXYGEN DEBT
Is caused by the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles
MUSCLE FATIGUE OR CRAMPS
USES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
Use in making ___________ bread
Use in preserving c__________ to make pickles
Use in making y_______
USES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
Use in making sourdough bread
Use in preserving cucumbers to make pickles
Use in making yogurt
occurs in yeasts and some plants
location: cytosol
ETHANOL FERMENTATIONq
STEPS OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION
STEP 1: G_______
STEP 2: F___________
STEP 1: Glycolysis
STEP 2: Fermentation
STAGES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION
- breaking down of __________ by an e_________ to produce ____
- Regeneration of 2 _______
STAGES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION
- breaking down of pyruvate by an enzyme to produce CO2
- Regeneration of 2 NAD+
END OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION WE HAVE
- 2 ___
- 2 ___________
- 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)
- 2 NAD+
END OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION WE HAVE
- 2 CO2
- 2 C2H5OH
- 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)
- 2 NAD+
USES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION
Use in making w_____ and b_______
Used in making most b______
_____ - forms b_________ that makes bread fluffy
E______ - Evaporates during baking
Use in making wine and beer
used in making most bread
CO2 - forms bubbles that makes bread fluffy
Ethanol - Evaporates during baking