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Biology > M15: Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

M15: Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

The sum of the chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism and that provide energy for vital processes and for synthesizing new organic material.

A

METABOLISM

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2
Q

2 TYPES OF METABOLISM

  1. C______
  2. A________
A

catabolism and anabolism

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3
Q

Breaks down bigger molecules to smaller molecules

A

Catabolism

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4
Q

makes and released energy

A

Catabolism

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5
Q

Potential energy is converted into kinetic.

A

Catabolism

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6
Q

Required to perform different activities in living entities.

A

Catabolism

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7
Q

Construct smaller molecules into bigger molecules

A

Anabolism

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8
Q

Uses energy

A

Anabolism

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9
Q

Kinetic energy is converted into potential energy

A

Anabolism

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10
Q

It is required for maintenance, growth, and storage.

A

Anabolism

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11
Q

When a molecule loses an electron
NADH to NAD+

A

OXIDATION

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12
Q

The physical and chemical processes (such as breathing and diffusion) by which an organism supplies its cells and tissues with the oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves them of the carbon dioxide formed in energy-producing reactions.

A

RESPIRATION

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13
Q

When a molecule gain an electron
NAD+ and NADH

A

REDUCTION

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14
Q

3 STEPS OF RESPIRATION

E_______ respiration
I_________ respiration
C__________ respiration

A

External respiration
Internal respiration
Cellular respiration

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15
Q

respiration between environment and lungs

A

External respiration

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16
Q

respiration between blood and cell

A

internal respiration

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17
Q

Chemical reaction which breakdown nutrients to release energy.

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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18
Q

Involves the conversion of food to energy.

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

19
Q

Organisms’ breakdown glucose from food to create energy, known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

20
Q

It occurs inside the living cells of all types of organisms (from prokaryotic bacteria and Achaeans to eukaryotic protests, fungi, plants, and animals) to carry out various vital activities like muscle contraction, nerve transmission, cell division, etc.

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

21
Q

2 TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

A_________ and A_________

A

2 TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration

22
Q

Release of energy
Breakdown of glucose
Catabolic and exergonic reaction
Using oxygen

A

Aerobic Respiration

23
Q

Release energy
Breakdown of glucose
Catabolic and exergonic reaction
no oxygen

A

Anaerobic Respiration

24
Q

Aerobic Respiration

Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + w_____ + e_____

A

Aerobic Respiration

Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy

25
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

Animal (lactic acid fermentation)

Glucose > L____ A_____ + e______

A

Anaerobic Respiration

Animal (lactic acid fermentation)

Glucose > Lactic Acid + Energy

26
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

Bacteria, Plants, and Yeasts (ethanol fermentation)

Glucose > E_____ + c_____ d_____ + e______

A

Anaerobic Respiration

Bacteria, Plants, and Yeasts (ethanol fermentation)

Glucose > ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

27
Q

Breakdowns glucose to produce ATP without the use of oxygen.

A

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

28
Q

2 STEPS OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

  1. g________
  2. f________
A

2 STEPS OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

  1. glycolysis
  2. fermentation
29
Q

glucose is broken down by ATP, NAD+ and Enzymes (E)
Location: Cytoplasm in the cytosol

A

glycolysis

30
Q

Stages of glycolysis

2 ATP and e________ breakdown glucose to form glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate (PGAL)

Enzymes add free __ to form 1,3 b_______________

Reduction/ Formation of 2 N_____

Formation of 4 ____

A

Stages of glycolysis

2 ATP and enzymes breakdown glucose to form glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate (PGAL)

Enzymes add free P to form 1,3 biphosphoglycerate

Reduction/ Formation of 2 NADH

Formation of 4 ATP

31
Q

END OF GLYCOLYSIS WE HAVE:

  1. 2 p________ (C3H4O3)
  2. 2 ______
  3. 4 A____

How many ATP molecules was gained in this process?

__ ATP

A

END OF GLYCOLYSIS WE HAVE:

  1. 2 pyruvate (C3H4O3)
  2. 2 NADH
  3. 4 ATP

How many ATP molecules was gained in this process?

2 ATP

32
Q

Occurs when cells do not have enough oxygen.
Makes sure that glycolysis will continue.
LOCATION: Cytoplasm in the cytosol

A

FERMENTATION

33
Q

STAGES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

  1. formation of _____ acid
  2. r___________ of ______
A

STAGES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

  1. formation of lactic acid
  2. regeneration of NAD+
34
Q

END OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION WE HAVE:

  1. 2 _______ ______ (C3H6O3)
  2. __ ATP (net gain of __ ATP)
  3. 2 _____
A

END OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION WE HAVE:

  1. 2 lactic acid (C3H6O3)
  2. 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)
  3. 2 NAD+
35
Q

why is lactic acid fermentation important?

because it r___________ NAD+ needed to start g_________ again

A

why is lactic acid fermentation important?

because it regenerate NAD+ needed to start gloycolysis again

36
Q

Provide immediate energy during strenuous exercises

A

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

37
Q

Lack of oxygen in muscles
Can cause muscle fatigue or cramps

A

OXYGEN DEBT

38
Q

Is caused by the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles

A

MUSCLE FATIGUE OR CRAMPS

39
Q

USES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

Use in making ___________ bread

Use in preserving c__________ to make pickles

Use in making y_______

A

USES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

Use in making sourdough bread

Use in preserving cucumbers to make pickles

Use in making yogurt

40
Q

occurs in yeasts and some plants
location: cytosol

A

ETHANOL FERMENTATIONq

41
Q

STEPS OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION

STEP 1: G_______
STEP 2: F___________

A

STEP 1: Glycolysis
STEP 2: Fermentation

42
Q

STAGES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION

  1. breaking down of __________ by an e_________ to produce ____
  2. Regeneration of 2 _______
A

STAGES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION

  1. breaking down of pyruvate by an enzyme to produce CO2
  2. Regeneration of 2 NAD+
43
Q

END OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION WE HAVE

  1. 2 ___
  2. 2 ___________
  3. 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)
  4. 2 NAD+
A

END OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION WE HAVE

  1. 2 CO2
  2. 2 C2H5OH
  3. 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)
  4. 2 NAD+
44
Q

USES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION

Use in making w_____ and b_______

Used in making most b______
_____ - forms b_________ that makes bread fluffy
E______ - Evaporates during baking

A

Use in making wine and beer

used in making most bread
CO2 - forms bubbles that makes bread fluffy
Ethanol - Evaporates during baking

Biology (17 decks)

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