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Science, Technology, and Society > M5 > Flashcards

M5 Flashcards

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1
Q

X is the highest good of human endeavors and that

toward which all actions aim.

A

Flourishing

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2
Q

According to Ceslas Spicq, the focus of ancient philosophers

was defining the X

A

well-lived life.

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3
Q

the philosophers called the well-lived life as X, which we can translate as “flourishing” or happiness.

A

Eudaimonia

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4
Q

X explains the Stoic’s core

teachings.

A

The Stoic Happiness Triangle

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5
Q

• The Stoic Happiness Triangle is part of the book ”X”

A

The

Little Book of Stoicism.

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6
Q

The only way to achieve true flourishing was to live a

life separate from the influence of X.

A

fickle emotions

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7
Q

This is about being your best

version in the here and now.

A

Live with Areté:

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8
Q

The Stoics
realized that there are things we control, and
things we don’t control.

A

Focus on What You Control:

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9
Q

Even if we don’t control
everything that happens, we must take
responsibility for our own lives. Because every
event offers an area we control, namely how
we judge the event and how we choose to
respond.

A

Take Responsibility:

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10
Q

Stoic Happiness Triangle

A

Live with Areté:

Focus on What You Control:

Take Responsibility:

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11
Q

Kant’s vision of ethics was that they should not be about the
X, but about principles of duty,
ultimately the duties that are X.

A

individual’s flourishing and happiness

universal to all people

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12
Q

The highest good for human beings is attaining both virtue and happiness at
the same time.

A

Immanuel Kant

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13
Q

epicurus’ ethics can be viewed as a form of X

A 
egoistic hedonism (or
hedonistic egoism).
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14
Q

Happiness is not ignored when making decisions in life. It is not
unimportant.

A

Immanuel Kant

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15
Q

There is no necessary connection between virtue and happiness,
frequently it is the case that doing what is right is in the opposition to
doing what would make us happy.

A

Immanuel Kant

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16
Q

• “We should all cultivate good will with the rest of the world, and that
is not a measure of happiness but real well-being.”

A

Immanuel Kant

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17
Q

“We all desire happiness as an end in itself, and all other things
are desired as a means for producing happiness.”

A

epicurus

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18
Q

He said that human beings need health of the body and calm of
the soul and that freedom from pain and peace of mind imply a
state of rest and tranquility. When it reaches this goal, he is in a
state of contentment and rest called happiness, eudaimonia, or
tranquility of mind (ataraxia).

A

epicurus

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19
Q

Virtues are rational behaviors that lead to X

A

Eudaimonia

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20
Q

Virtues are desirable purely as instrumental means to happiness
and are chosen because of pleasure and not for their own sake.

A

epicurus

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21
Q

Actions should be measured in terms of happiness or

pleasure that they produce.

A

Utilitarians

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22
Q

Happiness = pleasure and the absence of pain

A

Utilitarians

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23
Q

We should pursue pleasure and happiness not just for

ourselves, but for as many sentient beings as possible.

A

Utilitarians

24
Q

X believed that happiness not pleasure should

be the standard of utility.

A

John Stuart Mill

25
Q

For X, pleasure and pain govern not only how

human beings act but also how human beings ought to act

A

Jeremy Bentham

26
Q 
“I ought do that act which will bring about the
greatest happiness (pleasure) for the greatest number of persons
(the community).”
A

Utilitarians

27
Q

Coined the word Eudaimonia.

A

Aristotle

28
Q

He was an empiricist

A

Aristotle

29
Q

• You should become virtuous because if you are, then you can attain
the pinnacle of humanity (Eudaimonia).

A

Aristotle

30
Q

“All humans seek to flourish. It’s the proper and desired end of all of
our actions.”

A

Aristotle

31
Q

There are four aspects of human nature, and he is often quoted
saying “Man is a rational creature who lives in poleis (societies).”

A

Aristotle

32
Q

The four aspects of human nature are X

A

physical being, emotional

being, social being and rational being.

33
Q

Is a treatise on the nature of moral life and human happiness based on the
unique essence of human nature.

A

NICHOMACHEAN ETHICS (NE/EN)

34
Q

something worthwhile not because it leads to something else

but for its own sake alone.

A

Intrinsic Good

35
Q

leads to something else that is good or a means to some

end.

A

Instrumental Good

36
Q

let us buy
medicine and vitamins
for our health.

A

money

37
Q

Does not encompasses all aspects of life

A

Pleasure?

38
Q

what kind of good is wealth

A

intermediate good - only instrumental

39
Q

happiness or welfare

A

EUDAIMONIA

eu – good
daimon – spirit

40
Q

illustrates a nested hierarchy of the functions

and activities of the soul.

A

Aristotle’s TRIPARTE SOUL –

41
Q

all living things require nourishment and ability to

reproduce.

A

Nutritive Degree –

42
Q

only animals and humans have the ability to move and

perceive.

A

Sensitive Degree –

43
Q

only humans are capable of practical and theoretical

functions.

A

Rational Degree –

44
Q

is only possible by living a life of virtue.

A

For Aristotle, eudaimonia

45
Q

Greek term defined as “excellence of any kind” and “moral virtue.”

A

Arête –

46
Q

Two types of virtues:

A

❖ Intellectual & Moral Virtue

47
Q

achieved through education, time, and experience.

A

Intellectual Virtue

–

48
Q

is a key intellectual virtue that guide

ethical behavior

A

Wisdom

49
Q

is gained from scientific endeavors

and contemplation.

A

Understanding

50
Q

can be achieved

through formal and non formal means.

A

Both Wisdom and Understanding

51
Q

are acquired through self-taught

knowledge and skills.

A

Intellectual virtues

52
Q

achieved through habitual practice

A

Moral Virtue

53
Q

is a key moral virtue that by being

repeatedly unselfish

A

Generosity

54
Q

is gained by repeatedly resisting

every inviting opportunity.

A

Temperance

55
Q

is gained by repeatedly exhibiting the
proper action and emotional response in the
face of danger.

A

Courage

56
Q

is like a skill that is acquired

through repeated practice.

A

Moral Virtue

57
Q

The X in the sense of eudaimonia is the state of being happy, health,
and prosperous in the way on thinks, lives, and acts.

A

good life

Science, Technology, and Society (29 decks)

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