M3C Respiratory Pathology Flashcards
auscultation
listening to sounds within the body
perucussion
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in density of the underlying structure
pleural rub
scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
rales (crackles)
fine crackling sounds
heard on auscultation during inhalation
when there is fluid in the alveoli
rhonchus (pl: rhonchi)
loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
sputum
material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting
stridor
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
wheezes
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
croup
acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor
diphtheria
acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium
epistaxis
nosebleed
pertussis
whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis
asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection
chronic bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
cystic fibrosis
inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
atelectasis
collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
lung cancer
malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
pneumoconiosis
abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fills with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
pulmonary abscess
large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs
pulmonary edema
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
pulmonary embolism (PE)
clot or material lodges in vessels of the lung
pulmonary fibrosis
formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
sarcoidosis
chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
tuberculosis (TB)
infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected
mesothelioma
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
pleurisy (pleuritis)
inflammation of the pleura
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural space
anthracosis
coal dust accumulates in the lungs
asbestosis
asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs
bacilli
rod-shape bacteria
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs
cor pulmonale
failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease
exudates
fluid, cells, and other substances that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or other areas of inflammation
inflitrate
collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image
palliative
relieving symptoms but not curing the disease
paroxysmal
pertaining to a sudden occurrence such as a spasm or seizure
pulmonary infraction
area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)
purulent
containing pus
silicosis
disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs
