M3A Pathologic Conditions

Question 1

aphthous stomatitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the mouth with ulcers

Question 2

dental caries

Answer 2

tooth decay

Question 3

herpetic stomatitis

Answer 3

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

Question 4

oral leukoplakia

Answer 4

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

Question 5

periodontal disease

Answer 5

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

Question 6

achalasia

Answer 6

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax

Question 7

esophageal cancer

Answer 7

malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 8

esophageal varices

Answer 8

swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 9

gastric cancer

Answer 9

malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 10

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 10

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Question 11

hernia

Answer 11

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Question 12

peptic ulcer

Answer 12

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 13

anal fistula

Answer 13

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 14

colonic polyps

Answer 14

polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 15

colorectal cancer

Answer 15

adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both.

Question 16

Crohn disease

Answer 16

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 17

diverticulosis

Answer 17

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

Question 18

dysentery

Answer 18

painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Question 19

hemorrhoids

Answer 19

swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 20

ileus

Answer 20

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Question 21

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer 21

inflammation of the colon and small intestine

Question 22

intussusception

Answer 22

telescoping of the intestines

Question 23

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 23

group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intestines

Question 24

ulcerative colitis

Answer 24

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Question 25

volvulus

Answer 25

twisting of the intestine on itself

Question 26

cholelithiasis

Answer 26

gallstones in the gallbladder

Question 27

cirrhosis

Answer 27

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 28

hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Answer 28

liver cancer

Question 29

pancreatic cancer

Answer 29

malignant tumor of the pancreas

Question 30

pancreatitis

Answer 30

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 31

viral hepatitis

Answer 31

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus