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HTH200 > M3A Anatomy and Physiology Vocab > Flashcards

M3A Anatomy and Physiology Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

absorption

A

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

amino acids

A

small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

amylase

A

enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

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4
Q

anus

A

terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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5
Q

appendix

A

blind pouch hanging from the cecum

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6
Q

bile

A

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

breaks up large fat globules

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7
Q

bilirubin

A

pigment released by the liver in bile

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8
Q

bowel

A

intestine

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9
Q

canine teeth

A

pointed, dog-like teeth

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10
Q

cecum

A

first part of the large intestine

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11
Q

colon

A

portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

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12
Q

common bile duct

A

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum

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13
Q

defecation

A

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

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14
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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15
Q

dentin

A

primary material found in teeth

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16
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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17
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine

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18
Q

elimination

A

removal of materials from the body

removal of indigestible materials as feces

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19
Q

emulsification

A

breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules

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20
Q

enamel

A

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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21
Q

enzyme

A

chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

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22
Q

esophagus

A

tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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23
Q

fatty acids

A

substances produced when fats are digested

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24
Q

feces

A

solid wastes, stool

25
Q

gallbladder

A

small sac under the liver, stores bile

26
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar

27
Q

glycogen

A

starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

28
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

substance produced in the stomach; aids digestion

29
Q

ileum

A

third part of the small intestine

30
Q

incisor

A

any one of four front teeth in the dental arch

31
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas

helps transport sugar into body cells

32
Q

jejunum

A

second part of the small intestine

33
Q

lipase

A

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

34
Q

liver

A

large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen

secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and filters out toxins.

35
Q

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach

36
Q

mastication

A

chewing

37
Q

molar teeth

A

three large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth on either side of the dental arch

38
Q

palate

A

roof of the mouth

The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla).

The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat.

39
Q

pancreas

A

organ behind the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes

40
Q

papillae

A

small projections on the tongue

41
Q

parotid gland

A

salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

42
Q

peristalsis

A

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

43
Q

pharynx

A

throat

44
Q

portal vein

A

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

45
Q

protease

A

enzyme that digests protein

46
Q

pulp

A

soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerve and blood vessels

47
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

ring of muscle near the end of the stomach, near the duodenum

48
Q

pylorus

A

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

49
Q

rectum

A

large section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

50
Q

rugae

A

ridges on the hard palate and wall of the stomach

51
Q

saliva

A

digestive juice produced by salivary glands

52
Q

salivary glands

A

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

53
Q

sigmoid colon

A

lower, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum

54
Q

sphincter

A

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

55
Q

stomach

A

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus

the stomach’s parts are the fundus (proximal section), body (middle section), and antrum (distal section)

56
Q

triglycerides

A

fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol

57
Q

uvula

A

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

58
Q

villi (singular: villus)

A

microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

HTH200 (39 decks)

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