M2. Immunization

Question 1

Provides immediate but temporary protection against

infection

Answer 1

Passive immunity

Question 2

Protection provided by a person’s own immune system. The antigen stimulates the immune system to produce
antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity

Answer 2

Active immmunity

Question 3

He used cowpox as vaccine

Answer 3

Edward jenner

Question 4

The vaccine is injected into the muscle, and ___ take up the protein antigen

Answer 4

dendritic cells

Question 5

Dendritic cells are

activated through ____

Answer 5

pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Question 6

In combination with signaling (by soluble antigen) through the B cell receptor (BCR), the T cells drive B cell development in the ____

Answer 6

lymph node.

Question 7

can proliferate rapidly when they encounter a pathogen, and CD8+ effector T cells are important for the elimination of the infected cells.

Answer 7

CD8+ memory T cells

Question 8

can continue to produce

antibodies for decades travel to reside in bone marrow niches.

Answer 8

Long lived plasma cells

Question 9

Derived from “wild” viruses or bacteria that are
attenuated (weakened) in a laboratory, usually by
repeated culturing

Answer 9

Live attenuated vaccines

Question 10

Produced by growing viruses or bacteria in culture
media then subjected to heat or chemical agents. May not elicit the range of immunologic response
provided by live attenuated vaccines

Answer 10

INACTIVATED VACCINES

Question 11

Contain bacteria or viruses killed through a physical or

chemical process

Answer 11

Whole cell inactivated vaccines

Question 12

Made using inactivated toxins produced by bacteria

→ Tetanus, Diphtheria

Answer 12

Toxoid vaccine

Question 13

Produced through recombinant DNA technology (enables combination of DNA from two or more sources)
→ HPV

Answer 13

Recombinant vaccines

Question 14

True or false General Rule: Almost all vaccines can be administered
at the same visit

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or False: Vaccine doses should not be administered at less than
the recommended minimum intervals or earlier than
the indicated maximum age

Answer 15

False; should be minimum age

Question 16

How much inactivated injectable vaccines can be

given in the same visit.

Answer 16

2-3

Question 17

How much live vaccines can be simultaneously given in the

same visit.

Answer 17

2

Question 18

How much live parenteral vaccines can be given together with the second dose of both vaccines usually
administered after __ weeks.

Answer 18

2; 4 weeks

Question 19

What SHOULD NOT be done when administering vaccines Orally

Answer 19

• DO NOT administer or spray directly into the throat.

Question 20

Subcutaneous injection of the vaccine should be done where

Answer 20

upper outer triceps of the arm

Question 21

Intramuscular injection of the vaccine should be done where

Answer 21

anterolateral thigh (vastus
lateralis muscle) and upper arm (deltoid muscle)

Question 22

Most ____ vaccines are administered by

intramuscular route

Answer 22

inactivated

Question 23

Intradermal Vaccine administered between layers of the skin until a ____ develops.

Answer 23

wheal

Question 24

Subset of reactions occurring soon after receipt of a vaccine

Answer 24

REACTOGENIC REACTIONS

Question 25

Rare but potentially life-threatening severe | allergic reaction to vaccine

Answer 25

Anaphylaxis

Question 26

• Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae • Incubation period: 1 - 5 days • Transmitted from person to person through close physical and respiratory contact.

Answer 26

Diptheria

Question 27

* Viral infection of the liver | * Transmitted through contact with infected blood and other bodily fluids

Answer 27

Hepatitis B

Question 28

* Most common sexually transmitted infection affecting the skin and mucous membranes of the genital areas of men and women * Easily spread by skin-to-skin contact

Answer 28

Human Papilovirus

Question 29

• Caused by influenza viruses A and B • Incubation period: 1 - 4 days • Transmitted through droplets produced when coughing or sneezing

Answer 29

Influenza

Question 30

Brain infection caused by a virus normally from infected birds and domestic animals (especially, pigs and wading birds). • Transmitted via Culex mosquitoes as vector • Endemic in Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Northern Australia.

Answer 30

Jap. Encephalitis

Question 31

* Acute viral infection caused by the measles virus * Incubation period: 10 - 14 days (range 7 - 23 days) * Transmitted through the air by respiratory droplets

Answer 31

Measles

Question 32

• Sometimes referred to as infectious parotitis • Incubation period: 14 - 21 days • Transmitted through airborne droplets released when coughing or sneezing and through direct contact with an infected person

Answer 32

Mumps

Question 33

• Also known as whooping cough • Caused by Bordetella pertussis affecting the respiratory tract • Incubation period: 9 - 10 days (range: 6 - 20 days) • Highly contagious and spreads through droplet transmission

Answer 33

Perutussis

Question 34

Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) • Spread from person to person by coughing, sneezing, or close contact (through pneumococci contained in respiratory droplets from people who have the bacteria in their noses or throats)

Answer 34

Pneumonococcal disease

Question 35

• Highly infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by three closely related polioviruses (Types 1, 2, and 3) • Incubation time: 7- 10 days • Transmitted by contact with infected feces

Answer 35

Polio

Question 36

Characteristics of OPV (Oral Polio vaccines) gone rougue

Answer 36

1. Paralysis | 2. Spread

Question 37

• Highly infectious diarrheal disease caused by | Rotavirus strains affecting the small intestines

Answer 37

Rotaviruses

Question 38

• Usually mild viral infection in children and adults • Spread in airborne droplets when sneezing or coughing • Symptoms: maculopapular rash, low-grade fever, neck lymphadenopathy

Answer 38

Rubella

Question 39

Common symptoms: Spasms and stiffness of jaw muscles (trismus), stiffness of neck and abdominal muscles, difficulty swallowing, and painful body spasms lasting for several minutes, typically triggered by minor occurrences such as draft, loud noise, physical touch, or light

Answer 39

Tetanus

Question 40

Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Highly contagious through airborne transmission • usually attacks the lungs but may affect other parts of the body • Symptoms: General weakness,weight loss, fever, night sweats, persistent cough, hemoptysis (coughing of blood), failure to thrive in children

Answer 40

Tuberculosis

Question 41

is an important feature of vaccineinduced protection. It is achieved when susceptible individuals are indirectly protected by vaccinated individuals.

Answer 41

Herd immunity