M medicine through time Flashcards
Medieval Britain
1250-1500
The Renaissance
1500-1700
The Industrial Period
1700-1900
The Modern World
1900-now
Medieval Britain: Causes
- God punishing sins
- Miasma
- 4 humours out of balance
Medieval Britain: Preventions and treatments
- Bleeding (leeches)
- Purging (Camomile)
- Flagellation
- Basic herbs (onion)
Medieval Britain: Hospital and care
Monasteries
Medieval Britain: Physicians, apocrathies and barber surgeons
- Physicians would diagnose
- Barber surgeons uneducated
Renaissance: Causes
- four humours went out of fashion
- theory of contagion 1541
Renaissance: Preventions and treatments
- Exotic herbs (coffee and cinchona bark)
- Chemical chemistry
- Quarantine and avoidance
Renaissance: Hospital and care
Pest houses
Renaissance: Physicians, apocrathies and barber surgeons
- Apocrathies based in hospitals
- John Hunter’s teaching
- Barber surgeons licenced
Industrial period: causes
Spontaneous generations
Germ theory 1861
Industrial period: Preventions and treatments
Vaccinations, Change of scenery innoculation
Industrial period: hospitals and care
Pavillion hospitals, professional nurses
Industrial period: Improvements in surgery
chloroform, carbolics spray
Industrial period: fight against cholera and better government action over public health
John Snow / 1,300 miles of sewers / 1875 Act.
Modern world: Causes
Specific germs, DNA
Modern world: Preventions and treatments
salvarsan 606 and better vaccinations
Modern world: Hospitals and care
Charity hospitals and NHS after 1948
Modern world: the discovery of penicillin
Fleming, Florey and Chain
Filtration to purify penicillin
Mass-production and the role of the American government
Modern world: The fight against lung cancer
Identifying the link between smoking and cancer
High tech treatment
Banning of tobacco advertising
Hippocrates and Galen (influence in medieval)
4 Humours
Theory of Opposites
Thomas Sydenham (renaissance)
Diseases in families
Attack the body
William Harvey (renaissance)
Circulation / Heart
Galen wrong
Florence Nightingale (industrial)
School for nursing
Pavillion Plan
John Snow (industrial)
Link between water and cholera
Louis Pasteur (industrial)
Germ Theory
4 Principles
Robert Koch (industrial)
TB germ
Cholera germ
Fleming, Florey and Chain (modern world)
Research on mould
Filtration
Gains support from USA in mass production
Medieval Britain: Influence of Church
Church said no to any ideas that challenged their power.
Medieval Britain: weak government
Government was focussed on maintaining control, not on improving health.
Medieval Britain: communications
There was no overseas exploration and no printing press meant new ideas could not spread and be developed.
Renaissance: printing press
Invented in 1440 and revolutionised the sharing of ideas in the Renaissance. People became interested in new ideas.
Renaissance: royal society
Formed in 1660 and symbolised the King’s support for people developing new scientific ideas. Thomas Sydenham was a member.
Renaissance: Scientific thinking
Theories were developed around things like contagion and that diseases were in families. Laid foundations for later breakthroughs.
Industrial period: Individuals
Used observation and scientific principles to form new breakthroughs in preventing disease (vaccination / germ theory)
Industrial period: Government
Supported individuals through funding vaccination and research into germs.
Less laissez-faire in approach to public heath.
Industrial period: Science and technology
Industrial Revolution led to creation of dyes that could be used to stain microbes.
Better glass led to improved microscopes and flasks / beakers.
Modern World: Individuals
Paul Ehrlich inspired by working with Robert Koch to find “magic bullet” - Salvarsan 606
Modern World: Government
Developed a Welfare State.
More and more to help the poor.
Modern World: Science and technology
High-tech machinery dramatically improved treatment and hospitals.
