M medicine through time

Question 1

Medieval Britain

Answer 1

1250-1500

Question 2

The Renaissance

Answer 2

1500-1700

Question 3

The Industrial Period

Answer 3

1700-1900

Question 4

The Modern World

Answer 4

1900-now

Question 5

Medieval Britain: Causes

Answer 5

• God punishing sins
• Miasma
• 4 humours out of balance

Question 6

Medieval Britain: Preventions and treatments

Answer 6

• Bleeding (leeches)
• Purging (Camomile)
• Flagellation
• Basic herbs (onion)

Question 7

Medieval Britain: Hospital and care

Answer 7

Monasteries

Question 8

Medieval Britain: Physicians, apocrathies and barber surgeons

Answer 8

• Physicians would diagnose

- Barber surgeons uneducated

Question 9

Renaissance: Causes

Answer 9

• four humours went out of fashion

- theory of contagion 1541

Question 10

Renaissance: Preventions and treatments

Answer 10

• Exotic herbs (coffee and cinchona bark)
• Chemical chemistry
• Quarantine and avoidance

Question 11

Renaissance: Hospital and care

Answer 11

Pest houses

Question 12

Renaissance: Physicians, apocrathies and barber surgeons

Answer 12

• Apocrathies based in hospitals
• John Hunter’s teaching
• Barber surgeons licenced

Question 13

Industrial period: causes

Answer 13

Spontaneous generations

Germ theory 1861

Question 14

Industrial period: Preventions and treatments

Answer 14

Vaccinations, Change of scenery innoculation

Question 15

Industrial period: hospitals and care

Answer 15

Pavillion hospitals, professional nurses

Question 16

Industrial period: Improvements in surgery

Answer 16

chloroform, carbolics spray

Question 17

Industrial period: fight against cholera and better government action over public health

Answer 17

John Snow / 1,300 miles of sewers / 1875 Act.

Question 18

Modern world: Causes

Answer 18

Specific germs, DNA

Question 19

Modern world: Preventions and treatments

Answer 19

salvarsan 606 and better vaccinations

Question 20

Modern world: Hospitals and care

Answer 20

Charity hospitals and NHS after 1948

Question 21

Modern world: the discovery of penicillin

Answer 21

Fleming, Florey and Chain
Filtration to purify penicillin
Mass-production and the role of the American government

Question 22

Modern world: The fight against lung cancer

Answer 22

Identifying the link between smoking and cancer
High tech treatment
Banning of tobacco advertising

Question 23

Hippocrates and Galen (influence in medieval)

Answer 23

4 Humours

Theory of Opposites

Question 24

Thomas Sydenham (renaissance)

Answer 24

Diseases in families

Attack the body

Question 25

William Harvey (renaissance)

Answer 25

Circulation / Heart | Galen wrong

Question 26

Florence Nightingale (industrial)

Answer 26

School for nursing | Pavillion Plan

Question 27

John Snow (industrial)

Answer 27

Link between water and cholera

Question 28

Louis Pasteur (industrial)

Answer 28

Germ Theory | 4 Principles

Question 29

Robert Koch (industrial)

Answer 29

TB germ | Cholera germ

Question 30

Fleming, Florey and Chain (modern world)

Answer 30

Research on mould Filtration Gains support from USA in mass production

Question 31

Medieval Britain: Influence of Church

Answer 31

Church said no to any ideas that challenged their power.

Question 32

Medieval Britain: weak government

Answer 32

Government was focussed on maintaining control, not on improving health.

Question 33

Medieval Britain: communications

Answer 33

There was no overseas exploration and no printing press meant new ideas could not spread and be developed.

Question 34

Renaissance: printing press

Answer 34

Invented in 1440 and revolutionised the sharing of ideas in the Renaissance. People became interested in new ideas.

Question 35

Renaissance: royal society

Answer 35

Formed in 1660 and symbolised the King’s support for people developing new scientific ideas. Thomas Sydenham was a member.

Question 36

Renaissance: Scientific thinking

Answer 36

Theories were developed around things like contagion and that diseases were in families. Laid foundations for later breakthroughs.

Question 37

Industrial period: Individuals

Answer 37

Used observation and scientific principles to form new breakthroughs in preventing disease (vaccination / germ theory)

Question 38

Industrial period: Government

Answer 38

Supported individuals through funding vaccination and research into germs. Less laissez-faire in approach to public heath.

Question 39

Industrial period: Science and technology

Answer 39

Industrial Revolution led to creation of dyes that could be used to stain microbes. Better glass led to improved microscopes and flasks / beakers.

Question 40

Modern World: Individuals

Answer 40

Paul Ehrlich inspired by working with Robert Koch to find “magic bullet” - Salvarsan 606

Question 41

Modern World: Government

Answer 41

Developed a Welfare State. | More and more to help the poor.

Question 42

Modern World: Science and technology

Answer 42

High-tech machinery dramatically improved treatment and hospitals.