KR crusade Flashcards
Why did men join the crusade?
. Religion - they were promised forgiveness through an indulgence
II. Rewards - they didn’t have to pay the Saladin Tithe and had the potential of becoming wealthy
III. Responsibility - felt like they had to if other local people were fighting
Crusade definition
An expedition to recapture the Holy Land, using war as a tactic.
Who called for the 3rd crusade? Who was it against?
Pope Gregory Viii, Saladins Islamic army
Evidence of a positive attitude towards crusaders
Richard I was championed as a Crusader King, people respected him for it. People saw him as a defender of the faith.
Support for the Crusade was evident in the slaughter of the Jews in 1189-90. Support for the Crusade created a positive and appreciative atmosphere for these killings.
Evidence of negative attitudes towards crusaders
Family members were frustrated at having to manage lands for absent knights. Sons often accompanied fathers on Crusades, difficult conversations had to be made about who would stay and who would go.
People resented the cost. The Saladin tithe, ransom to release Richard I from captivity at the end. Many people chose to go on the Crusade so they didn’t have to pay the tax!
Some chroniclers, for example WIlliam Newburgh, argued that it was a violation of a King’s duty for Richard to go on such a long journey at the neglect of his kingdom.
Holy Land Definition
Modern day Jerusalem in the Middle East.
Indulgence definition
A “pardon” granted to Crusaders by the Pope, so they wouldn’t go to hell or spend time in Purgatory after they died for killing people on a Crusade.
Who was Saladin?
The commander of the Muslim armies in the Middle East that wanted to fight off the Crusaders taking part in the Third Crusade.
What was King Richard I’s motivation for going on the Crusade
Personal connection - he was the great grandson of Fulk of Anjou, who had been King of Jerusalem. He believed it was a family duty.
Personal glory - Richard was proud of his reputation for bravery and wanted to be remembered in the future.
Religious devotion - Richard I felt that the Crusade was the sacred duty of Christians.
The time was right - as the Crusade was called for while he was King, he realised that he had all the wealth, power and influence he would need to make sure the Crusade was a success.
Why did King Richard I and King Philip II of France fall out while on the Crusade together?
. There was already bad feeling between the two Kings before the left
II. Richard received a positive reception from people in Sicily but Philip didn’t
III. Richard didn’t keep his promise to marry Philip’s sister Alice
IV. Richard conquered Cyprus without Philip and refused to share the wealth of the island
why did the crusade fail?
- bad conditions and fear
- Richard falling out with Phillip lost his many oh Ps 15000 soldiers
- Saladin had a lot of knowledge of the attack so poisoned all nearby wells and reinforced walls.
- R was distracted by KJs rebellion
How was Richards ransom paid?
- 25% tax on incomes and moveables
- land tax on every land owner
- All gold and silver church plates sold
- £3375 tax on jews
Which countries fought will England on the Crusade?
France and Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
What were two ways Richard secured his kingdom so he could go on Crusade?
i. He appointed William Longchamp as his Chancellor
ii. He banned John and Geoffrey from England from three years to prevent rebellion
How did Christians in Medieval times justify a war?
If it was named by a legitimate authority
It had a reason for fighting
There would be little violence
