(M) L5.2: Art Movements

Question 1

This event made consumer goods cheaper and increased the production of food

Answer 1

Industrialization

Question 2

Those who looked back to the past, before people were commodified and nature was destroyed, they referred to that period as what?

Answer 2

Romantic period

Question 3

These people opposed the idea that reason was the only way to truth, and that mysteries could be revealed with emotion, imagination, and intuition

Answer 3

Romantics

Question 4

This was hailed as a classroom for self-discovery and spiritual learning during the Romanticism period

Answer 4

Nature

Question 5

T or F: Romanticism was a response to support industrialization

Answer 5

False (it was against the dehumanizing effects of industrialization)

Question 6

This strongly placed emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as a glorification of the past

Answer 6

Romanticism

Question 7

T or F: The Romantic movement saw depictions of a light-hearted nature best shown by the paintings:
- The Nightmare
- The Raft of the Medusa
- Saturn Devouring His Son

Answer 7

False (dark nature)

Question 8

This movement was created by Claude Monet and was known as the first modern movement in painting which was spearheaded by artists who were rejected by powerful academic art institutions

Answer 8

Impressionism

Question 9

This art movement:
- seized the momentary sensory effects of a scene
- moved from the studio to the streets and countryside
- allowed artists to relax their brushstrokes, abandon traditional linear perspectives, and avoid clarity of form

Answer 9

Impressionism

Question 10

T or F: Critics judged the impressionist paintings for their finished but unprofessional look

Answer 10

False (unfinished and unprofessional appearance)

Question 11

T or F: During the impressionist movement, many artists were let inside the art salon

Answer 11

False (many were rejected which led to a public outcry)

Question 12

What was formed in response to the artists’ rejection at the art salons during the impressionist period?

Answer 12

Salon des Refuses (Salon of the Refused)

Note: This allowed for the exhibition of works by artists who were refused entrance to the official salon

Question 13

This emerged as a reaction against the impressionist’s concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and color

Answer 13

Post-impressionism

Question 14

Who was the Father and the one who led the Post-impressionism movement?

Answer 14

Paul Cezanne

Question 15

T or F: Post-impressionists rejected the idea that art should focus on the opticality of the creation

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T or F: Impressionists held a negative reaction to the naturalistic depiction of light and color from the post-impressionists

Answer 16

False (reverse)

Question 17

This movement:
- fought to bring back emphasis on the subject matter and painting structure
- focused on the subjective vision of the artists
- gave importance to emotional, structural, symbolic, and spiritual elements

Answer 17

Post-Impressionism

Question 18

T or F: Pointillism was regarded as part of the Romanticist movement

Answer 18

False (Post-Impressionism)

Question 19

These people developed Pointillism

Answer 19

George Seurat and Paul Signac

Question 20

This movement:
- used small dots of pure color (complementary colors) to make an entire composition
- had nothing to do with the subject matter of the painting
- used the science of optics that created color from many dots that blur into an image

Answer 20

Pointillism

Question 21

These work the same way as dots do in pointillist paintings

Answer 21

Pixels on a computer

Question 22

T or F: Signac was the founder of pointillism and was continued by Seurat after his death

Answer 22

False (reverse)

Question 23

This was the original name of Pointillism that Seurat coined upon its development

Answer 23

Divisionism

Question 24

T or F: The bigger the dots are, the clearer the painting (pointillism)

Answer 24

False (smaller)

Question 25

T or F: Pointillism was more of a science than art

Answer 25

False (equal)

Question 26

Which famous painter experimented with Pointillism in his self-portrait?

Answer 26

Vincent Van Gogh

Question 27

These are colors of the opposite hue that balance each other out

Answer 27

Complementary colors

Question 28

This art movement meant "new art" in French

Answer 28

Art Nouveau

Question 29

This movement: - was best described by organic, plant motifs, and other highly stylized forms - uses sudden violent curves - gained short popularity as it was soon replaced by modernist styles

Answer 29

Art Nouveau

Question 30

This was the common term for using sudden violent curves in art works

Answer 30

Whiplash

Question 31

This movement: - represents a mix of feeling and form between the artist's reality and subjectivity - is an aesthetic that describes the subjective vision of an artist through a simple and non-naturalistic style

Answer 31

Symbolism

Question 32

Who was hailed as the leader of the symbolist movement?

Answer 32

Paul Gauguin

Question 33

Who described symbolism as an aesthetic in his published article?

Answer 33

Albert Aurier

Question 34

What did the founders of Symbolism create in relation to adding spiritual value to their artworks

Answer 34

Imaginary dream worlds (w/ biblical figures and Greek mythology creatures)

Question 35

What became the favorite subject for symbolism due to their capacity to express universal emotions?

Answer 35

Women

Question 36

What are the 2 constants of symbolist imagery? Hint: they are 2 mythical female types

Answer 36

Virgin and Femme Fatale

Question 37

This art movement: - created bright cheery landscapes with pure intense colors and bold brushwork - called their artists as "wild beasts"

Answer 37

Fauvism

Question 38

Which critic described the Fauves as "wild beasts"?

Answer 38

Louis Vaxcelles

Question 39

Who were the leaders of the Fauvist movement?

Answer 39

Andre Derain and Henri Matisse

Question 40

This art movement: - used a purely subjective perspective which distorts it radically for emotional effect and in order to evoke moods or ideas - expressed the meaning of emotional experiences rather than physical reality

Answer 40

Expressionism

Question 41

Cubism was started by which 2 people?

Answer 41

Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso

Question 42

This art movement: - used flattened, nearly 2D appearances, an inclusion of geometric angles, lines, and shapes, and neutral colors for their artworks - appeared more like collages than anything else - allowed artists to see and depict real-life objects in different ways - did not make it a goal to be realistic but rather to piece together fragments of the subject from different points into one painting

Answer 42

Cubism

Question 43

Who were the 2 most renowned Cubists?

Answer 43

Picasso and Braque

Question 44

This art movement: - was a form of artistic anarchy born out of hatred for the social, political, and cultural values at the time - was more of a protest movement with an anti-establishment platform than an art style

Answer 44

Dadaism

Question 45

Who gave rise to the term Dadaism when he plunged a knife through a French dictionary and landed on the word "dada"?

Answer 45

Richard Huelsenbeck

Question 46

"Dada" is a colloquial French word for?

Answer 46

Hobby horse

Question 47

Dadaists grew more rebellious and radical due to what was happening to the world because of this major global event, what was that event?

Answer 47

WWI

Question 48

What was the battlecry of Dadaists?

Answer 48

"DADA!"

Question 49

This art movement: - studied the operation of the mind and advocated for the illogical, imaginative, and radical - refers to pure psychic automatism - used involuntary or unconscious drawings to open ideas from their unconscious minds - described dream worlds or hidden psychological tensions

Answer 49

Surrealism

Question 50

This word is loosely used to mean "strange" or "dream-like"

Answer 50

Surreal

Question 51

Which French modernist introduced the term "Surrealist"?

Answer 51

Guillaume Apollinaire

Question 52

T or F: Surrealism quickly became a national movement for the French because it was attractive to different types of artists who shared aggressive rejection of conventionality

Answer 52

False (international)

Question 53

This art movement: - was the name applied to new forms of abstract art - was described by gestural brushstrokes or mark-making - had the impression of spontaneity - drew inspiration from surrealism

Answer 53

Abstract Expressionism

Question 54

Abstract expressionists were mostly from where?

Answer 54

New York (hence they were known as the New York school)

Question 55

Abstract expressionists drew inspiration from the automatism of who?

Answer 55

Joan Miro

Question 56

These painters struck their canvases with expressive brushstrokes

Answer 56

Action painters

Question 57

These painters filled their canvases with large areas of a single color

Answer 57

Color field painters

Question 58

This art movement: - was dedicated to complete abstraction with a liking to modernity - subjects were geometrical, experimental, and rarely emotional - the subjects were always minimal and broken down into its most basic elements

Answer 58

Constructivism

Question 59

An art of order was desirable in Constructivism because it was just after ______ when it emerged

Answer 59

WWI

Question 60

This art movement: - suggested simplicity and abstraction through expressing a perfect idea of harmony and color - created harmony and color by decreasing the elements to only its pure geometric forms and primary colors

Answer 60

De Stijl

Question 61

"De Stijl" is a Dutch word that stands for?

Answer 61

"The Style"

Question 62

This art movement: - showcased common household objects and consumer products like Coca-Cola, Campbell's soup cans, comics, magazines, etc. - was recognizable to the masses - was made using mechanical or commercial techniques such as silk-screening - drew inspiration from popular and commercial culture

Answer 62

Pop Art (popular art)

Question 63

T or F: Modernist critics were shocked with pop artists' use of such high subject matter

Answer 63

False (low; they saw it as treating art uncritically)

Question 64

This art movement: - gave a new form of abstraction and played with the viewer's visual perception - uses science, color, and optics to produce images that seemed to move, swell, or change forms

Answer 64

Op Art (optical art)

Question 65

Who was considered as the grandfather of Op Art?

Answer 65

Victor Vasarely

Question 66

What museum showcased a study of Vasarely's followers in an exhibition named "The Responsive Eye"?

Answer 66

Museum of Modern Art

Question 67

Fashion brands recognized Op Art and promoted their bold patterns through _______

Answer 67

Mod designs

Question 68

T or F: Op art influences both artists and neuroscientists

Answer 68

True

Question 69

This art movement: - relied on photographs to make an artwork - projected photographs onto a canvas to be captured with precision and accuracy with the aid of an airbrush - reintroduced the importance of planning rather than improvisation (traditional technique)

Answer 69

Photorealism

Question 70

What are the other names of Photorealism?

Answer 70

Hyperrealism or Superrealism

Question 71

This art movement: - was made of geometric shapes in simple arrangements without dynamic displays - was defined as a "bare bones" form of art - was made by inexpensive methods and reduced to the essentials of geometric ideas - represented the peak of modern art's advancement toward the most simplified form of abstract art

Answer 71

Minimalism

Question 72

This art movement: - puts emphasis on the concept or idea and ignores the actual appearance of the work - did not require their artists to have manual skills as they could have gotten away with not making anything at all - was considered to be a prank by most people

Answer 72

Conceptual Art

Question 73

The De Saisset Art Museum of Santa Clara University in San Francisco gave money to who to cover his expenses for installing an exhibition at the institution

Answer 73

Tom Marioni

Question 74

What was the title of Tom Marioni's exhibition which was highlighted in Conceptual art?

Answer 74

My First Car (Fiat 50)

Question 75

His work was an offer for a new style of art that denied its traditional role as a showcase for the creative genius and technical abilities of the artist

Answer 75

Tom Marioni

Question 76

This art movement: - involves the setting up of objects in space - comprises of the resulting arrangement of material and space - allows the viewer to enter and move around the arranged space and interact with its elements - offers something different from when the viewer looks at a traditional sculpture or painting which is from one perspective only - engages several of the viewer's senses - is shaped by developments in computer art (e.g. software advancements and film projection)

Answer 76

Installation Art

Question 77

This art movement: - refers to artworks produced through actions which may be live or recorded and spontaneous or scripted - offered artists an alternative to the stationary permanence of painting and sculpting because of its lively and temporary nature

Answer 77

Performance Art

Question 78

The history of performance in the visual arts could be traced back to which theatrical performance?

Answer 78

Dada Cabarets

Question 79

T or F: Performance art was seen as traditional

Answer 79

False (non-traditional)

Question 80

T or F: Performance art is now widely accepted and has now begun to describe film, video, photographic, and installation-based artworks through which actions are expressed

Answer 80

True