(F) L2: Local Art Flashcards by Kchianna Lauren Coronel

The process of creating something using fibers from plants, animals, insects (silk worms), or synthetics

Textile Art

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T or F: Making textiles is an extremely old art form

True

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When have textile fragments been dated back to?

Prehistoric Times

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Give 1 purpose as to why people develop textiles

To keep warm
To protect surfaces
To insulate dwellings

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A way to create fabric using 2 sets of yarn or thread interlaced at right angles

Weaving

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What tool was invented to make the process of weaving easier?

Loom

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A manually operated device that holds the warp threads steady while filling weft threads are woven through them

Loom

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What does the CAR stand for?

Cordillera Administrative Region

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What 2 places are represented in CAR?

Kalinga and Ifugao

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These textiles are characterized by dominant red stripes and motifs of geometric patterns as well as nature symbols interlaced with white, yellow, and black fibers

Kalinga

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These textiles are characterized by diamond stripes of white and red, the dominant color is blue, and is less colorful and darker in color compared to the other textile of this region

Ifugao

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Which among the Kalinga and Ifugao textiles are bead-accented?

Kalinga

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Weaving in ______ was an exclusive task for women

Ifugao

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How many women were needed to make the long and tedious preparation for weaving in Ifugao?

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T or F: Weaving is now done ONLY for commercial purposes

True

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Who among men and women would (1) actually weave or (2) make the weaving instruments

Weaving - women
Making the weaving instruments - men

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What is another term for spinning, winding, or skeining?

Iwalangan

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Weavers from this area classify their works into textiles with or without dyed designs

Kiangan, Ifugao

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What is the middle piece of the blanket/body called?

Adolna

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What are the side pieces of a blanket called?

Balingbing

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Refers to a narrow band with fringes along the borders of the blanket’s width

Talungtung

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What is the right side of the blanket’s back called?

Odogna

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What is the reverse side of the blanket/its stomach called?

Putuna

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This blanket is used for the dead; has designs of a mortar, little men, python, lizard, snake, ladder, and shuttle

Gamong

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This blanket for the wealthy is usually worn by the young has 3 pieces

Hape

This blanket was formally used to exchange for pigs but is now used for carrying babies

Kintog/Oban

What is the g-string for men called in Ifugao?

Wanno

When do the Ifugao men tuck in their wanno?

When working in the fields

This is made of dark blue cloth with a red stripe running lengthwise in the middle between 2 yellow lines which either touch the stripe or are woven apart from it

Wanno/G-string

G-string without designs are often described as?

Infra

This sub-type of g-string has a large red stripe in the middle

Binuhlan

What is the large red stripe found in male g-strings called? And what does it literally mean?

Habak; "to be enemy-ed"

The red color of the stripe in g-string refers to the sun deity, which is the god of ______

War (red for the color of blood)

The Ifugao g-string can be worn around the body how many times?

2 or 3 times

What is the loose end in the front of the g-string called?

Dayude

What is the loose end in the back of the g-string called?

Iwitan or tail

T or F: Zigzag, frog, little man, shuttle, basket, and knot are some designs stitched in the iwitan part of the g-string

False (dayude)

This is known as a poor man's g-string; it is completely white, about 2 meters long and 15 cm wide

Tinannong

What is the richer version of the binuhlan g-string made through dyeing?

Piniwaan Nilihha

These g-strings are similar to the piniwaan nilihha

Piniwa

At what age do Ifugao boys start to wear the wanno?

5 or 6

T or F: Native upper garments are used in Ifugao

False (not)

These common blankets are dark blue with narrow red stripes and broad white bands covered with designs

Bayaong

This is one of the most difficult to find textiles in the Ilocos region

Abel

This is referred to as the abel with one of the most recognizable designs out there

Binakul/Binakel

Ilocos yarns are made from cotton and dyed using the sap of plums called as?

Sagut (abundant in northern Luzon)

This is the traditional woven product of Vigan, Ilocos Sur known for being a strong and colorful material; some families use it as heirlooms that last as long as furnishings

Abel

Weavers must synchronize the movement of their ____ and _____ to properly use a wooden handloom

Hands and feet

T or F: Binakul is still being produced today

False (considered a dwindling industry today due to nonavailability of local cotton)

This is recognized by its uniform, interlocked geometric patterns that result in psychedelic optical art designs which are said to represent the waves of the sea

Binakul

The abel and binakul are made using what 2 pedaled looms?

2 and 5-pedaled

A weft is threaded through the warp using what spindle-shaped device used to carry the crosswise threads (weft) through the lengthwise threads (warp)?

Shuttle

This region is known for producing a fiber mainly for manufacturing hats

Aurora

Hats from Aurora are made from what material?

Sabutan (strong, durable, and resembles a Panama hat)

The unbleached hats of Aurora are in what color?

Light green-grey

T or F: Sabutan bleaches easily

False (it does not, that's why they don't bleach hats in Aurora)

The Sabutan fibers are boiled in fresh water or water with vinegar, lemon, or tamarind for how many minutes?

The Sabutan fibers are coiled in bundles for how many hours?

T or F: It is more prefereable to wash the Sabutan fibers in running water

true (if you are to wash with stagnant water, be sure to change it frequently)

T or F: Palawan people are known for weaving

True

What material, that can only be found in Palawan, is used in their weaving?

Amumutina grass (a dyed rust)

This involves pressing the portion of the weave that has not been rolled up to the rest of the fabric; it is the last step

Battening

Where are dream weaver predominant in?

Mindanao

This is a ritual textile connected to the T'boli spirituality and cosmonology

T'nalak

A dream weaver is anointed by who?

The weaving deity Fu Dalo (patterns and designs are revealed by the deity in their dreams)

Fu Dalo visits these people if they are trained usually by a relative as this develops the signature style of the weaver

Acolyte or apprentice

Where does T'nalak originate from and who are the group of people who developed this?

Lake Sebu in South Cotabato by the T'bolis (women)

The T'nalak is usually made from what fibers?

Abaca (made with the colors red, black, and the original color of the abaca)

What color is T'nalak?

Deep brown

What kind of dyes are used to stain the handspun abaca fibers?

Natural vegetable dyes

This is an abaca-handwoven cloth with designs depicting a man and crocodile; used as women's skirts, blankets, and wraps for the dead (+who and where are they made)

Dagmay by the Mandaya of Davao Oriental

T or F: T'nalak's mud-dyeing technique is believed to be the only one that exists in the Philippines

False (dagmay's)

The dagmay has what color and what designs arranged in vertical stripes with one length folded and roughly basted along one long side?

Maroon and brown ikat designs

This is the traditional cloth tapestry worn as a head covering by the Tausugs of Jolo, Mindanao

Pisyabit

T or F: The pisyabit can signify rank

True (when tied around the hilt of the sword or wrapped around the head of a Tausug man)

This is the most intricate design worn by the women around their waist or head and is patterned after the colors of the rainbow

Seputangan of the Yakan in Basilan and Sulu

This is the term for geometric, flowing designs, and folk motifs found in Maranao and Muslim-influences artwork in Mindanao, especially in the Sulu peninsula

Okir or Okkil

The okir is similar to the weaving patterns of the western style ______ and _________

Arabesque and Art Nouveau

The Tausug, Maranao, and Yakans in Mindanao apply shapes and patterns to okir similar to the art of what era?

Byzantine

This usually has motifs shaped like waves, ropes, calligraphy, decor, and colors

Ukkil

T or F: Okir are symbols of power and prestige usually adorned during festivals

True

In today's okir art, this group of people have created their own designs influenced by their surroundings

Yakans

The kenna-kenna is patterned after what?

Fish

The dawen-dawen is patterned after what?

Leaf of a vine

The pene mata-mata is patterned after what?

Eyes

The bunga-sawa is patterned after what?

Python

Linuhhong stands for?

Mortars

Tinatagu stands for?

Men

Inulog stands for?

Snakes

Bittuon stands for?

Stars

Bannia stands for?

Iguanas

Hinolgot stands for?

Spears