(M) L4.2: Art History (Renaissance)

Question 1

This period in European history was the link between the Middle and Modern Ages

Answer 1

Renaissance

Question 2

The Renaissance movement originated in what country in the late middle ages before it spread to Europe?

Answer 2

Italy

Question 3

The French term “Renaissance” means what?

Answer 3

Rebirth

Question 4

What is the Italian term for Renaissance?

Answer 4

Rinascimento

Question 5

Rinascimento means what?

Answer 5

“Re” means “again”
“Nascere” means “be born”

“Rinascimento” means “Be Born Again”

Question 6

This period embraced the following concepts:
- Rebellion of classical-based learning
- Promotion and use of linear perspective in painting
- Educational reform

Answer 6

Renaissance

Question 7

Renaissance scholars employed what method in study along with searching for realism and human emotion in art?

Answer 7

Humanist

Question 8

This is a method of learning by combining reasoning and empirical evidence

Answer 8

Humanism

Question 9

T or F: Humanism was considered a field of philosophy before

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Who made observational drawings of anatomy and nature during the Renaissance?

Answer 10

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 11

T or F: Science and art did not mingle well during the Renaissance

Answer 11

False (they did come together)

Question 12

This was the most important development of the Renaissance period

Answer 12

The scientific method

Question 13

T or F: Copernicus and Galileo promoted ideas related to the scientific method

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Where did early Renaissance begin?

Answer 14

Florence, Tuscany (Italy)

Question 15

Florence had a ruling family which contributed to the development to the Renaissance, what was this family called?

Answer 15

Medici

Question 16

Following the fall of Constantinople, where did the Greek scholars migrate to afterwards?

Answer 16

Italy

Question 17

Constantinople fell at the hands of what group of people?

Answer 17

Ottoman Turks

Question 18

T or F: The Renaissance became a period of classical rediscovery hence the painting style was radically changed

Answer 18

True (they revived ancient forms and content)

Question 19

T or F: The Renaissance borrowed subjects of Roman history and Greek mythology during the revival

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Artworks of _______ orientation, such as devotional art, were classically humanized

Answer 20

Christian

Question 21

T or F: Classical art principles were not followed during the Renaissance

Answer 21

False (it was)

Principles included: Harmonious proportion, realistic expression, and rational postures

Question 22

What 2 artistic regions of Western Europe became active during the Renaissance?

Answer 22

Flanders and Italy

Question 23

This period was between the span of 4 decades from 1490 to the destruction of Rome which represented the peak or summit of Renaissance art

Answer 23

High Renaissance Period

Question 24

T or F: It was during the late Renaissance wherein classical ideals of humanism were fully implemented

Answer 24

False (high Renaissance)

Question 25

The high Renaissance was centered on Rome and paid for by who?

Answer 25

The Pontiff (Pope)

Question 26

T or F: Florence replaced Rome as the center of the Renaissance

Answer 26

False (reverse) There was an ambition to make Rome greater than its Florentine rival

Question 27

Which 2 popes secured and retained the services of painters like Raphael, da Vinci, and Michelangelo who created oils and mural paintings of novelty?

Answer 27

Pope Julius II and Pope Leo X

Question 28

He was a key figure in the redevelopment of the St. Peter's Basilica

Answer 28

Donato Bramante

Question 29

Since the Church was the major patron during this time, this remained the major genre of art

Answer 29

Christian Art

Question 30

Familiarize yourself with the art methods mastered during the High Renaissance:

Answer 30

1. Linear perspective and vanishing points 2. Foreshortening 3. Illusionistic devices 4. Chiaroscuro 5. Sfumato shading

Question 31

The universal adoption of oil painting eliminated what subtype of colors?

Answer 31

Matt/Matte

Question 32

It was possible to convey the concept of distance with the gradation of tones through a process known as?

Answer 32

Aerial or Atmospheric Perspective

Question 33

T or F: High Renaissance artists wanted realism more than beauty and harmony

Answer 33

False (reverse)

Question 34

T or F: High Renaissance painters had great interests for imitation

Answer 34

False (no interest; despite portraying nature)

Question 35

The discovery for ultimate truths from the Roman and Greek cultures provided artists with the ideals of ________

Answer 35

Perfection (their aesthetics)

Question 36

The best high Renaissance sculptures included Pieta and David, which were works of?

Answer 36

Michelangelo

Question 37

The sculptures, David and Pieta, were once located where?

Answer 37

Piazza della Signoria, Florence

Question 38

The sculptures, David and Pieta, are now currently located where?

Answer 38

Florence's Academy of Arts

Question 39

The word mannerism comes from what Italian word?

Answer 39

"Maniera"

Question 40

"Maniera" means what?

Answer 40

Style or manner

Question 41

This was a European art style that appeared in the later years of the high Renaissance in Italy when the Baroque style began to replace it

Answer 41

Mannerism

Question 42

T or F: Mannerism was influenced by the painters: da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo

Answer 42

True

Question 43

High Renaissance or Mannerism? - Emphasis on proportion, balance, and ideal beauty

Answer 43

High Renaissance

Question 44

High Renaissance or Mannerism? - Emphasis on exaggeration, asymmetry, and unnatural elegance

Answer 44

Mannerism

Question 45

T or F: Mannerism was ridiculed for its intellectual inferiority

Answer 45

False (it was known for its intellectual superiority and artificial qualities)

Question 46

T or F: High Renaissance favored compositional tension and instability

Answer 46

False (Mannerism)

Question 47

T or F: Mannerist paintings were more artificial than natural

Answer 47

True Characterized by: Unnatural displays of emotions, disproportionate human figures, unnatural poses, uncommon scaling, use of lighting/perspective, and bright loud colors

Question 48

What caused the end of the Renaissance?

Answer 48

Beginning of the Protestant Reformation (set off violent conflicts in Europe and eliminated funding for the arts)

Question 49

T or F: Printing, discovery of the New World, and Vasco de Gama's navigation to the Cape of Good Hope all contributed to the strengthening of the late Renaissance period

Answer 49

False (the end of Renaissance)

Question 50

Who was the first to portray light radiating from the child Christ known for his sentimental narrative paintings?

Answer 50

Correggio