(M) L4.1: Art History (Medieval)

Question 1

The Medieval arts covered almost 10 centuries between what 2 important events?

Answer 1

Sack of Rome and Early Italian Renaissance

Note: “Sack” means they suffered depopulation and economic collapse, causing artists and thinkers to scatter

Question 2

Only one institution survived in the Medieval period, it was centered in Rome and Constantinople, what was it?

Answer 2

Christian Church

Question 3

This became the main sponsor of architecture and other types of art during the Medieval era

Answer 3

Church

Question 4

During the beginning of the Medieval period, all works of art were commissioned by who?

Answer 4

Religious authorities or secular leaders

Note: The religious authorities were for the churches/monasteries while the secular leaders were for public edification (moral improvement of a person)

Question 5

Most works of art at the beginning of the Medieval era were made by which group of people?

Answer 5

Monks

Question 6

Most artists during the beginning of the Medieval era were _________

Answer 6

Laymen (non-priest male member of a church)

Question 7

What group of people asked for commissioned artworks from laymen in the Medieval period?

Answer 7

Wealthy middle class patrons (for personal enjoyment)

Question 8

Medieval Europe was predominantly related to the building of sacred buildings, such as _______

Answer 8

Churches

Question 9

The primary structure that signifies Christian faith

Answer 9

Churches/Cathedrals

Question 10

T or F: Churches were channels of destructive energy during the Medieval period

Answer 10

False (creative)

Question 11

T or F: Churches granted indulgences and pardons for those who would help build churches and cathedral structures

Answer 11

True (tamang lusot lang yarn)

Question 12

This was the primary model of Medieval religious architecture

Answer 12

Roman Basilica

Question 13

Within the Roman Basilica, this was the most common floor plan among the religious buildings

Answer 13

Latin cross floor plan

Question 14

What purpose did the surviving secular structures serve during the Medieval period?

Answer 14

Defense (hi asli)

Question 15

These were the most notable non-religious examples of Medieval architecture throughout Europe which served defense purposes

Answer 15

Castles and walls (aot coded eren yeager rahhhh)

Question 16

Which country was at the heart of the flourishing, production, and innovation of Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles in Western Europe?

Answer 16

France (oui oui)

Question 17

The Romanesque and Gothic styles developed from which models?

Answer 17

Carolingian (King Charlemagne) and Ottoman models

Question 18

T or F: All western European architecture was typically considered Byzantine from years 500 to 1150

Answer 18

False (Romanesque)

Question 19

What are the 2 classifications of early Romanesque architecture?

Answer 19

Carolingian (Pre-Romanesque) or Ottonian

Question 20

The period of Carolingian renaissance was under the rule of who?

Answer 20

King Charlemagne (eyyy let’s go PAMET papi)

Question 21

The later period of Romanesque architecture (after Carolingian) was called as what?

Answer 21

Ottonian architecture

Question 22

The development of Ottonian architecture was under the rule of who?

Answer 22

Emperor Otto the Great

Question 23

T or F: Ottonian architecture is of German origin

Answer 23

True

Question 24

“Romanesque” was the name given to the style of architecture used during the time when most developments were pioneered by what group of people?

Hint: These are North men or the Vikings of Normandy, France

Answer 24

Normans

Question 25

Normans were known for their prolific building of what?

Answer 25

Castles

Question 26

T or F: "Romanesque" was immediately associated to the Roman Empire due to their similar sounding names

Answer 26

False (similar style of architecture such as the Roman barrel vaults and arches)

Question 27

This style of architecture was known for its massive quality, thick walls, round arches, study pillars, barrel vaults, large towers, and decorative arcading

Answer 27

Romanesque architecture

Question 28

The Romanesque style was the first major style of architecture to be developed after the collapse of what?

Answer 28

The Roman Empire

Question 29

T or F: The Romanesque style was ecclesiastical in nature

Answer 29

True (means relating to the Christian church or its clergy)

Question 30

Romanesque architecture was succeeded by what architectural style of the later Middle Ages?

Answer 30

Gothic (Perpendicular) style

Question 31

This architecture style started in 12th century France and was even called the French style

Answer 31

Gothic architecture

Question 32

When was the "French style" renamed to the "Gothic style"?

Answer 32

During the Renaissance

Question 33

This style was mostly light, graceful, and spacious in nature

Answer 33

Gothic style

Question 34

Architectural inspirations came from the ______ (a race) which copied the Crusades that led to changes in Gothic styles

Answer 34

Arabs

Question 35

T or F: The Romanesque style encompassed pointed arches, ribbed vaults, buttresses, clustered slender piers, larger windows, and higher vaults and spires

Answer 35

False (Gothic)

Question 36

This is also known as the Eastern Roman style

Answer 36

Byzantine style

Question 37

The empire when Byzantine was developed started with the establishment of what city?

Answer 37

Constantinople

Question 38

The Eastern Roman Empire ended with the capture of what group of people?

Answer 38

Ottoman Turks

Question 39

The Byzantine style began in the reign of who?

Answer 39

Emperor Justinian

Question 40

The Byzantine style period continued after the fall of Constantinople when what church was dominant?

Answer 40

Greek Orthodox Church

Question 41

The founding of this city was meant to create a new Rome in the east

Answer 41

Constantinople

Question 42

Apart from Eastern Roman, Byzantine is also known as Early _________

Answer 42

Christian

Question 43

T or F: Byzantine styles were characterized by massive domes with square bases, rounded arches, spires, and glass mosaics

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Types of Medieval Arts: - Religious texts decorated with rich colors (usually of gold and silver)

Answer 44

Illuminated manuscripts

Question 45

Illuminated comes from which Latin word which means "adorn or illuminate"?

Answer 45

Illuminare

Question 46

Refers to the embellishment of a manuscript with luminous colors (especially gold)

Answer 46

Illuminate

Question 47

What were the people who produced the illuminated manuscripts called?

Answer 47

Illuminators

Question 48

T or F: Illuminators were only composed of females

Answer 48

False (both men and women of monasteries/convents could be illuminators for the manuscripts)

Question 49

These people were dedicated to painstakingly copying religious texts and embellishing manuscripts with rich colors

Answer 49

Medieval monks

Question 50

Types of Medieval Arts: - Metals with great luster such as gold, silver, and bronze were frequently used as mediums in the creation of religious artifacts

Answer 50

Metalworks

Question 51

Who were the people who transform beautiful metals into objects of adornment for the church commonly used as sculptures, jewelries, and church doors?

Answer 51

Metalworkers

Question 52

These are fine artists who use precious metals to produce new forms of jewelry

Answer 52

Silversmiths and Goldsmiths

Question 53

T or F: The church allowed the use of common metals for the Medieval churches

Answer 53

False (only precious metals were allowed for they are said to be worthy for the divine service to God)

Question 54

Types of Medieval Arts: - Includes artworks in iconography, fresco, and panels depicting religious scenes

Answer 54

Paintings

Question 55

A type of painting commonly done on walls/ceilings applied with plaster

Answer 55

Fresco

Question 56

During the middle ages, frescoes were a common display in churches where?

Answer 56

Italy

Question 57

Refers to a type of painting done on a single or several pieces of wood boards known as panels

Answer 57

Panel painting

Question 58

What were the common subjects for panel paintings?

Answer 58

Icons of Byzantine

Question 59

Types of Medieval Arts: - One of the most celebrated historical events of the Medieval era was the Bayeux Tapestry

Answer 59

Emboridery

Question 60

The Bayeux tapestry tells the story of who?

Answer 60

William the Conqueror (+ the Norman invasion of England and the Battle of Hastings)

Question 61

How many pieces of unbleached linen sewn together were used to form the Bayeux tapestry?

Answer 61

8

Question 62

What were the dimensions of the Bayeux tapestry?

Answer 62

20 inches (H) by 230 feet (L)

Question 63

Types of Medieval Arts: - These were done handmade and not wheel-turned which produced common cookwares, pots, jars, pitchers, and crucibles

Answer 63

Ceramics/Ceramic Art

Question 64

Types of Medieval Arts: - The creation of pictures using broken glass, rock, or any other material. Christian churches and cathedrals have used these as wall and ceiling displays

Answer 64

Mosaics

Question 65

Types of Medieval Arts: - The Gothic styles of this emerged from the early, rigid, inflexible, and elongated styles of Romanesque art into a more naturalistic style

Answer 65

Sculpture

Question 66

Types of Medieval Arts: - This was displayed to the windows of medieval churches, cathedrals, and castles - It exemplified the pictorial art that survived the Medieval era of the middle ages

Answer 66

Stained glass

Question 67

T or F: Stained glass artwork uses fragmented pieces of glass set to look like an image or a picture

Answer 67

True

Question 68

Pictures using stained glass are joined together by strips of _____ supported by a hard frame

Answer 68

Lead

Question 69

Types of Medieval Arts: - The art and custom of creating coats of arms and badges of nobles - Common materials used were parchment, paper, painted wood, embroidery, enamel, stonework, and stained glass

Answer 69

Heraldry

Question 70

The following artists belong to which age? - Donatello Giotto - Leon Battista Alberti - Cimabue - Filippo Brunelleschi - Fra Angelico Lorenzo Ghiberti

Answer 70

Middle Ages