Lymphatic System Flashcards
Lymph is a fluid, made mostly of water, that is like ___ and ____
plasma and interstitial fluid.
Lymph is tissue fluid taken up by _____
lymphatic vessels
Lymph supplies lymphocytes to ______
Bloodstream
What three types of fluid are a continuation of the same fluid?
Plasma (liquid in blood), interstitual fluid (liquid in tissue), lymph (liquid in lympatic system)
As blood pressure rises, (1) exits the blood vessels which raises the (2) pressure. As (2) pressure rises, (2) flows into the lymphatic vessels. The lymph is drained back into the (3)
- Plasma
- Interstitual fluid
- Circulatory system
If liquid pools in the tissues = swelling. This is called ___
Edema
____ collects tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) and returns it to the blood, preveting edema
Lymphatics
You need plasma. If all the liquid is interstitial, blood pressure ___.
Drops
Transport lymph from tissues back toward heart
Vessels
Centers of immune function
Organs
Lymphatic capillaries have loosely connected overlapping ____cells
Endothelial
Loosly connecting overlapping endothelial cells in lymphatic capillaries act as flas to ensure _______.
One-way flow of tissue fluid into lymphatic capillary
Is the flow of lymph aided by the heartbeat?
No
The flow of lymph is propelled by what three mechanisms?
Bulging of skeletal muscles
Pulsing of nearby arteries
Tunica media of the lymph vessels
Lymph flows from where to where only?
From the organs to the heart
When interstitial fluid pressure rises, it pushes through the endothelium at the space where two cells overlap
When the pressure rises inside the lymphatic capillary, the fluid (1) on the endothelial cells and (2) to entering fluid and prevents (3) out of the lymphatic capillary
- pushes back
- closes them off
- leakage
High permeability of lymphatic capillaries allows entrance of:
Tissue fluid and protein molecules
Bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells
Lymphatic trunks:
Named by location: jugular, subclavian, bronchomediastinal, intestinal, and lumbar
Lymphatic vessels resemble small ____
Veins
Lymphatic vessels have three tunics:
Interna, media, externa
Lymphatic vessels have ___ to prevent backflow
Valves
Contraction of _____ helps fluid move up
skeletal muscle
Vessels that bring lymph TOWARDS a lymph organ are ____vessels
Vessels that carry lymph EXITING a lymph organ are ____vessels
Afferent
Efferent
Lymphatic vessels drain into _____
Larger lymphatic trunks
Jugular trunks drain:
The head and neck
Subclavian trunks drain:
The thorax, breast and arm
Bronchomediastinal trunks drain:
Lungs and heart
Intestinal trunks drain:
Most abdominal structures
Lumbar trunks drain:
Lower limb and pelvic organs
Thoracic duct begins superior to the _____
cisterna chyli
The thoracic duct receives thoracic lymph as it travels to _____. ____, ____ and ____ trunks join as well.
Left subclavian vein
Left jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal
Right jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal trunks join to form a short ______ or independently connect to veins.
right lymphatic duct
The right lymphatic duct recieves lymph from:
Right side of head, thorax and upper limb
The thoracic duct receives lymph from:
Whole left side and body below diaphragm
At the base of the thoracic duct, all the lymphatic vessels that drain the intestines merge to form ____
Cisterna chyli
(1) from the intestinal tract gets absorbed into the lymph instead of blood. It swirls around in the cisterna chyli as white, semi-solid lymph. Lymph is added from (2) and dilutes the lipid content.
Drains into the (3)
- Fat
- Lumbar trunks
- Thoracic duct
The spleen monitors the ___ for pathogens
Blood
The ____ monitor lymph for pathogens
lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are site for immune function. Lymph nodes store ____ until infection. _____ cell division can cause swelling of the lymph nodes during infection.
Leukocyte
Lymph nodes function to:
To cleanse lymph and act as site of T cell activation
Lymph nodes have an outer____ and an inner____
Cortex
Medulla
Several afferent vessels lead to the lymph node, but few efferent vessels leave its ____
Hilum
Nodes are concentrated in certain regions:
Cervical Axillary Thoracic Abdominal Intestinal and mesenteric Inguinal Popliteal
Primary lymphatic organs – places where lymphocytes become immunocompetent
Red bone marrow (B-cells)
Thymus (T-cells)
Secondary Lymphatic organs –contain lymphocytes already immunocompetent
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen
Site where immature lymphocytes develop into T lymphocytes
Thymus
Largest lymphatic organ
Spleen
The spleen is a reservoir for____ awaiting immune response-> macrophages
monocytes
The two main blood cleansing functions of the spleen:
Removal of bloodborne antigens
Removal and destruction of old or defective blood cells
At the spleen, on will find: Destruction of (1) Site of (2) Storage of (3)
- Antigens
- B cell maturation into plasma cells
- Platelets
Any biological agent that causes illness
Pathogen
A collection of cells and proteins that protect us from foreign antigens: microbes (bacteria, fungi, parasites), viruses, cancer cells and toxins
Immune System
Two lines of defense of the immune system:
Innate and adaptive immunity (they are not mutually exclusive but complementary)
Immune response may be ___ or ___
Specific or nonspecific
Flow of lymph:
Lymphatic capillaries → collecting vessels → lymphatic trunks → collecting ducts → subclavian vein
Lymph nodes are found at higher density in ___, ___ and ___ regions
inguinal, axillary, cervical
The spleen is the site of ____cell maturation into plasma cells
B
The spleen stores ____
Platlets
Skin and mucuous membranes are examples of (specific or nonspecific) anatomical defenses?
Nonspecific
MALT
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
In mucus membranes, ___ entraps microbes, ___ propels them for digestion/excretion
Mucus
Cilia
Temperature, PH and Cellular defenses are examples of (specifc or nonspecific) anatomical defenses
Nonspecific
