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Anatomy > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymph is a fluid, made mostly of water, that is like ___ and ____

A

plasma and interstitial fluid.

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2
Q

Lymph is tissue fluid taken up by _____

A

lymphatic vessels

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3
Q

Lymph supplies lymphocytes to ______

A

Bloodstream

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4
Q

What three types of fluid are a continuation of the same fluid?

A

Plasma (liquid in blood), interstitual fluid (liquid in tissue), lymph (liquid in lympatic system)

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5
Q

As blood pressure rises, (1) exits the blood vessels which raises the (2) pressure. As (2) pressure rises, (2) flows into the lymphatic vessels. The lymph is drained back into the (3)

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Interstitual fluid
  3. Circulatory system
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6
Q

If liquid pools in the tissues = swelling. This is called ___

A

Edema

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7
Q

____ collects tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) and returns it to the blood, preveting edema

A

Lymphatics

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8
Q

You need plasma. If all the liquid is interstitial, blood pressure ___.

A

Drops

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9
Q

Transport lymph from tissues back toward heart

A

Vessels

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10
Q

Centers of immune function

A

Organs

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11
Q

Lymphatic capillaries have loosely connected overlapping ____cells

A

Endothelial

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12
Q

Loosly connecting overlapping endothelial cells in lymphatic capillaries act as flas to ensure _______.

A

One-way flow of tissue fluid into lymphatic capillary

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13
Q

Is the flow of lymph aided by the heartbeat?

A

No

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14
Q

The flow of lymph is propelled by what three mechanisms?

A

Bulging of skeletal muscles
Pulsing of nearby arteries
Tunica media of the lymph vessels

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15
Q

Lymph flows from where to where only?

A

From the organs to the heart

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16
Q

When interstitial fluid pressure rises, it pushes through the endothelium at the space where two cells overlap
When the pressure rises inside the lymphatic capillary, the fluid (1) on the endothelial cells and (2) to entering fluid and prevents (3) out of the lymphatic capillary

A
  1. pushes back
  2. closes them off
  3. leakage
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17
Q

High permeability of lymphatic capillaries allows entrance of:

A

Tissue fluid and protein molecules

Bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells

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18
Q

Lymphatic trunks:

A

Named by location: jugular, subclavian, bronchomediastinal, intestinal, and lumbar

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19
Q

Lymphatic vessels resemble small ____

A

Veins

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20
Q

Lymphatic vessels have three tunics:

A

Interna, media, externa

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21
Q

Lymphatic vessels have ___ to prevent backflow

A

Valves

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22
Q

Contraction of _____ helps fluid move up

A

skeletal muscle

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23
Q

Vessels that bring lymph TOWARDS a lymph organ are ____vessels
Vessels that carry lymph EXITING a lymph organ are ____vessels

A

Afferent

Efferent

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24
Q

Lymphatic vessels drain into _____

A

Larger lymphatic trunks

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25
Q

Jugular trunks drain:

A

The head and neck

26
Q

Subclavian trunks drain:

A

The thorax, breast and arm

27
Q

Bronchomediastinal trunks drain:

A

Lungs and heart

28
Q

Intestinal trunks drain:

A

Most abdominal structures

29
Q

Lumbar trunks drain:

A

Lower limb and pelvic organs

30
Q

Thoracic duct begins superior to the _____

A

cisterna chyli

31
Q

The thoracic duct receives thoracic lymph as it travels to _____. ____, ____ and ____ trunks join as well.

A

Left subclavian vein

Left jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal

32
Q

Right jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal trunks join to form a short ______ or independently connect to veins.

A

right lymphatic duct

33
Q

The right lymphatic duct recieves lymph from:

A

Right side of head, thorax and upper limb

34
Q

The thoracic duct receives lymph from:

A

Whole left side and body below diaphragm

35
Q

At the base of the thoracic duct, all the lymphatic vessels that drain the intestines merge to form ____

A

Cisterna chyli

36
Q

(1) from the intestinal tract gets absorbed into the lymph instead of blood. It swirls around in the cisterna chyli as white, semi-solid lymph. Lymph is added from (2) and dilutes the lipid content.
Drains into the (3)

A
  1. Fat
  2. Lumbar trunks
  3. Thoracic duct
37
Q

The spleen monitors the ___ for pathogens

A

Blood

38
Q

The ____ monitor lymph for pathogens

A

lymph nodes

39
Q

Lymph nodes are site for immune function. Lymph nodes store ____ until infection. _____ cell division can cause swelling of the lymph nodes during infection.

A

Leukocyte

40
Q

Lymph nodes function to:

A

To cleanse lymph and act as site of T cell activation

41
Q

Lymph nodes have an outer____ and an inner____

A

Cortex

Medulla

42
Q

Several afferent vessels lead to the lymph node, but few efferent vessels leave its ____

A

Hilum

43
Q

Nodes are concentrated in certain regions:

A 
Cervical
Axillary
Thoracic
Abdominal
Intestinal and mesenteric
Inguinal
 Popliteal
44
Q

Primary lymphatic organs – places where lymphocytes become immunocompetent

A

Red bone marrow (B-cells)

Thymus (T-cells)

45
Q

Secondary Lymphatic organs –contain lymphocytes already immunocompetent

A

Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen

46
Q

Site where immature lymphocytes develop into T lymphocytes

A

Thymus

47
Q

Largest lymphatic organ

A

Spleen

48
Q

The spleen is a reservoir for____ awaiting immune response-> macrophages

A

monocytes

49
Q

The two main blood cleansing functions of the spleen:

A

Removal of bloodborne antigens

Removal and destruction of old or defective blood cells

50
Q 
At the spleen, on will find:
Destruction of (1) 
Site of (2)
Storage of (3)
A
  1. Antigens
  2. B cell maturation into plasma cells
  3. Platelets
51
Q

Any biological agent that causes illness

A

Pathogen

52
Q

A collection of cells and proteins that protect us from foreign antigens: microbes (bacteria, fungi, parasites), viruses, cancer cells and toxins

A

Immune System

53
Q

Two lines of defense of the immune system:

A

Innate and adaptive immunity (they are not mutually exclusive but complementary)

54
Q

Immune response may be ___ or ___

A

Specific or nonspecific

55
Q

Flow of lymph:

A

Lymphatic capillaries → collecting vessels → lymphatic trunks → collecting ducts → subclavian vein

56
Q

Lymph nodes are found at higher density in ___, ___ and ___ regions

A

inguinal, axillary, cervical

57
Q

The spleen is the site of ____cell maturation into plasma cells

A

B

58
Q

The spleen stores ____

A

Platlets

59
Q

Skin and mucuous membranes are examples of (specific or nonspecific) anatomical defenses?

A

Nonspecific

60
Q

MALT

A

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

61
Q

In mucus membranes, ___ entraps microbes, ___ propels them for digestion/excretion

A

Mucus

Cilia

62
Q

Temperature, PH and Cellular defenses are examples of (specifc or nonspecific) anatomical defenses

A

Nonspecific

Anatomy (14 decks)

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