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Anatomy > Blood Vessel Anatomy > Flashcards

Blood Vessel Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Three main types of blood vessles

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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2
Q

Two or more vessels converge to/from the same body region/organ

A

Anastomosis

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3
Q

Often an artery travels along side the vein that drains the same region. These are called _____.

A

Companion vessels

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4
Q

The hollow center of an organ

A

Lumen

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5
Q 
Bigger walls relative to lumen
Always branching and getting smaller
Higher pressure (closer to heart)
Most carry oxygenated blood 
Always lead AWAY from heart
Usually deeper
A

Arteries

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6
Q

Bigger lumen relative to wall
Always joining to others and getting bigger
Low pressure
Most carry deoxygenated blood
Always lead TO heart
Usually more superficial
Larger ones have valves to prevent against backflow

A

Viens

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7
Q

Larger viens ones have ___ to prevent against backflow

A

Valves

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8
Q

Circulatory route: artery to capillary to vein

A

Simple path

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9
Q

Circulatory route: sequence of two capillary beds

A

Portal system

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10
Q

Circulatory route: vessel merger without intervening capillary bed

A

Anastomosis

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11
Q

Superficial to deep layers of arteries and viens

A

Tunica externa, tunica media and tunica intima

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12
Q

The tunica intima is made up of an ____: simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue

A

Endothelium

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13
Q

The tunica media is composed of:

A

smooth muscle, collagen and elastin

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14
Q

As it relates to the tunica media:
Contraction causes narrowing of the blood vessel lumen called (1)
Relaxation causes widening of the blood vessel lumen called (2)
Under (3. sympathetic or parasympathetic) control

A
  1. Vasoconstricton
  2. Vasodilation
  3. Sympathetic
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15
Q

ex: blushing
caused by alcohol & some drugs
caused by hot temps

A

Vasodilation

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16
Q

Caused by cold temperatures, caffeine, nicotine

A

Vasoconstriction:

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17
Q

The tunica media is (thicker or thinner) in arteries than veins.

A

Thicker

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18
Q

In arteries, the ___ if often the thickest layer

A

Tunica media

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19
Q

The tunica externa is connective tissue with lots of (1) (strength) and (2) (expandability)

A
  1. Collagen

2. Elastin

20
Q

The tunica externa contains the blood vessels that feed the blood vessel itself, called the ____

A

Vaso vasorum (vessels of vessels)

21
Q

(1) have more collagen and elastic in all tunics, so stay open when empty, (2) collapse when empty (in death)

A
  1. Arteries

2. Viens

22
Q

_____ is thicker in arteries than in veins of comparable size

A

Tunica media

23
Q

______ is thicker in veins than in arteries of comparable size

A

Tunica externa

24
Q

3 main types of arteries:

A

Elastic, muscular and arteriole

25
Q

Largest arteries

Lots of elastic fibers-allow artery to stretch when blood surges

A

Elastic artery

26
Q

Less elastic, more muscle
Increase muscle allows for vasoconstriction/dilation of these vessels
Most of the named arteries are _____

A

Muscular artery

27
Q

Some have all 3 tunics, some are just endothelium surrounded by 1 layer of smooth muscle

A

Arterioles

28
Q

Internal/external elastic membrane surround media
Fenestrations allow for innervation and cellular communication
Functionality still debated

A

Muscular artery

29
Q

Some elastic arteries have neurons that sense:

A

BP and blood chemistry (pH, O2 and CO2 levels)

30
Q

Baroreceptors in internal carotid artery wall

A

Carotid sinuses

31
Q

Chemoreceptors near branch point of common carotid artery

A

Carotid bodies

32
Q

Chemoreceptors in aortic arch

A

Aortic bodies

33
Q

Changes in blood chemistry and blood pressure are relayed to ____.

A

The brain

34
Q

____ are the smallest vessels

A

Capillaries

35
Q

Vascular network connecting arterioles and venules. the sight of oxygen/carbon dioxide and waste They are the site of exchange between blood and tissue

A

Capillary beds

36
Q

Capillary beds have only the ____.

A

tunica interna (simple squamous epithelium)

37
Q

Capillary beds are fed into by a (1). Blood exits through a (2)

A
  1. Terminal arteriole

2. Postcapillary venule

38
Q

Ring of smooth muscle in capillary beds that redirect blood flow

A

Precapillary sphincter

39
Q

The pre-capillary sphincter is (1) when the tissue is low in O2 (2) when sufficient O2

A
  1. Opened

2. Closed

40
Q

If the pre-capillary sphincter is closed, blood flows through the ____thoroughfare channel that bypasses true capillaries

A

Metarteriole

41
Q

There are 3 kinds of capillaries, depending on the needs of the tissue

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoids

42
Q

No holes. Gas and nutrient exchange occurs across the endothelial cells by diffusion
Most common
Tight junctions and desmosomes

A

Continuous

43
Q

Has “windows” or small holes. Small molecules (i.e. hormones) can move out of the capillary
Areas with lots of nutrient/waste exchange (intestines, kidneys, endocrine glands
Also have tight junctions and desmosomes

A

Fenestrated

44
Q

Big gaps between endothelial cells. Large molecules and small cells can get through.
Wide open gaps between endothelial cells
Areas that experience exchange of whole cells (i.e. bone marrow, liver and spleen)

A

Sinusoids

45
Q

Capillary permeability. Routes through capillary wall:

A

Direct diffusion (i.e. O2 and CO2)
Intercellular clefts: (larger molecules like glucose and insulin)
Filtration pores: fenestrated capillaries only
Through endothelial cytoplasm by transcytosis (for hydrophilic solutes)

46
Q

Blood pressure in veins is too low to overcome gravity (blood can’t move UP in veins without help)
Two adaptations:

A
  1. Valves: prevent backflow down the vein
  2. Muscle pumps
    Muscle activity squeezes veins and forces blood through one-way valves toward heart

Anatomy (14 decks)

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