Blood Vessel Anatomy

Question 1

Three main types of blood vessles

Answer 1

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 2

Two or more vessels converge to/from the same body region/organ

Answer 2

Anastomosis

Question 3

Often an artery travels along side the vein that drains the same region. These are called _____.

Answer 3

Companion vessels

Question 4

The hollow center of an organ

Answer 4

Lumen

Question 5

Bigger walls relative to lumen
Always branching and getting smaller
Higher pressure (closer to heart)
Most carry oxygenated blood 
Always lead AWAY from heart
Usually deeper

Answer 5

Arteries

Question 6

Bigger lumen relative to wall
Always joining to others and getting bigger
Low pressure
Most carry deoxygenated blood
Always lead TO heart
Usually more superficial
Larger ones have valves to prevent against backflow

Answer 6

Viens

Question 7

Larger viens ones have ___ to prevent against backflow

Answer 7

Valves

Question 8

Circulatory route: artery to capillary to vein

Answer 8

Simple path

Question 9

Circulatory route: sequence of two capillary beds

Answer 9

Portal system

Question 10

Circulatory route: vessel merger without intervening capillary bed

Answer 10

Anastomosis

Question 11

Superficial to deep layers of arteries and viens

Answer 11

Tunica externa, tunica media and tunica intima

Question 12

The tunica intima is made up of an ____: simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue

Answer 12

Endothelium

Question 13

The tunica media is composed of:

Answer 13

smooth muscle, collagen and elastin

Question 14

As it relates to the tunica media:
Contraction causes narrowing of the blood vessel lumen called (1)
Relaxation causes widening of the blood vessel lumen called (2)
Under (3. sympathetic or parasympathetic) control

Answer 14

1. Vasoconstricton
2. Vasodilation
3. Sympathetic

Question 15

ex: blushing
caused by alcohol & some drugs
caused by hot temps

Answer 15

Vasodilation

Question 16

Caused by cold temperatures, caffeine, nicotine

Answer 16

Vasoconstriction:

Question 17

The tunica media is (thicker or thinner) in arteries than veins.

Answer 17

Thicker

Question 18

In arteries, the ___ if often the thickest layer

Answer 18

Tunica media

Question 19

The tunica externa is connective tissue with lots of (1) (strength) and (2) (expandability)

Answer 19

1. Collagen

2. Elastin

Question 20

The tunica externa contains the blood vessels that feed the blood vessel itself, called the ____

Answer 20

Vaso vasorum (vessels of vessels)

Question 21

(1) have more collagen and elastic in all tunics, so stay open when empty, (2) collapse when empty (in death)

Answer 21

1. Arteries

2. Viens

Question 22

_____ is thicker in arteries than in veins of comparable size

Answer 22

Tunica media

Question 23

______ is thicker in veins than in arteries of comparable size

Answer 23

Tunica externa

Question 24

3 main types of arteries:

Answer 24

Elastic, muscular and arteriole

Question 25

Largest arteries | Lots of elastic fibers-allow artery to stretch when blood surges

Answer 25

Elastic artery

Question 26

Less elastic, more muscle Increase muscle allows for vasoconstriction/dilation of these vessels Most of the named arteries are _____

Answer 26

Muscular artery

Question 27

Some have all 3 tunics, some are just endothelium surrounded by 1 layer of smooth muscle

Answer 27

Arterioles

Question 28

Internal/external elastic membrane surround media Fenestrations allow for innervation and cellular communication Functionality still debated

Answer 28

Muscular artery

Question 29

Some elastic arteries have neurons that sense:

Answer 29

BP and blood chemistry (pH, O2 and CO2 levels)

Question 30

Baroreceptors in internal carotid artery wall

Answer 30

Carotid sinuses

Question 31

Chemoreceptors near branch point of common carotid artery

Answer 31

Carotid bodies

Question 32

Chemoreceptors in aortic arch

Answer 32

Aortic bodies

Question 33

Changes in blood chemistry and blood pressure are relayed to ____.

Answer 33

The brain

Question 34

____ are the smallest vessels

Answer 34

Capillaries

Question 35

Vascular network connecting arterioles and venules. the sight of oxygen/carbon dioxide and waste They are the site of exchange between blood and tissue

Answer 35

Capillary beds

Question 36

Capillary beds have only the ____.

Answer 36

tunica interna (simple squamous epithelium)

Question 37

Capillary beds are fed into by a (1). Blood exits through a (2)

Answer 37

1. Terminal arteriole | 2. Postcapillary venule

Question 38

Ring of smooth muscle in capillary beds that redirect blood flow

Answer 38

Precapillary sphincter

Question 39

The pre-capillary sphincter is (1) when the tissue is low in O2 (2) when sufficient O2

Answer 39

1. Opened | 2. Closed

Question 40

If the pre-capillary sphincter is closed, blood flows through the ____thoroughfare channel that bypasses true capillaries

Answer 40

Metarteriole

Question 41

There are 3 kinds of capillaries, depending on the needs of the tissue

Answer 41

Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoids

Question 42

No holes. Gas and nutrient exchange occurs across the endothelial cells by diffusion Most common Tight junctions and desmosomes

Answer 42

Continuous

Question 43

Has “windows” or small holes. Small molecules (i.e. hormones) can move out of the capillary Areas with lots of nutrient/waste exchange (intestines, kidneys, endocrine glands Also have tight junctions and desmosomes

Answer 43

Fenestrated

Question 44

Big gaps between endothelial cells. Large molecules and small cells can get through. Wide open gaps between endothelial cells Areas that experience exchange of whole cells (i.e. bone marrow, liver and spleen)

Answer 44

Sinusoids

Question 45

Capillary permeability. Routes through capillary wall:

Answer 45

Direct diffusion (i.e. O2 and CO2) Intercellular clefts: (larger molecules like glucose and insulin) Filtration pores: fenestrated capillaries only Through endothelial cytoplasm by transcytosis (for hydrophilic solutes)

Question 46

Blood pressure in veins is too low to overcome gravity (blood can’t move UP in veins without help) Two adaptations:

Answer 46

1. Valves: prevent backflow down the vein 2. Muscle pumps Muscle activity squeezes veins and forces blood through one-way valves toward heart