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Anatomy > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

The autonomic nervous system is a system of ____ neurons

A

motor

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2
Q

The ANS innervates the:

A

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Glands

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3
Q

Function of the ANS

A 
To maintain homeostasis. The ANS regulates:
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Body temperature
Sweating 
Digestion
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4
Q

Autonomic output originates in

A

CNS

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5
Q

Input from ____, ______, _____, and _____ regulate ANS

A

cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and somatic nervous system

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6
Q

______contains nuclei for autonomic functions including: hunger, thirst, thermoregulation, and sexual response

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

The “boss”: Overall integration of ANS

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

Regulates pupil size, heart, blood pressure, airflow,

salivation, etc.

A

Brain stem (reticular formation, etc.)

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9
Q

Reflexes for urination, defecation, erection and ejaculation

A

Spinal cord

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10
Q

Visceral sensory neuron cell bodies are located in

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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11
Q

ANS afferet input

A 
Stretch
Tissue damage
Blood chemistry
Body temperature
Other internal stimuli
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12
Q

ANS efferent output

A

Contraction/relaxation of blood vessels
Smooth muscle of organs
Increase/decrease in HR, breath rate, etc.

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13
Q

Unconscious, automatic, stereotyped responses of visceral effectors to stimuli

A

Visceral Reflexes

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14
Q

contain only unmyelinated postganglionic fibers traveling to peripheral structures

A

Gray rami

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15
Q

contain myelinated preganglionic fibers traveling to sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

White rami

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16
Q

“Fight-or-flight” responses for increased physical activity
Concerned with preparing the body for emergencies and executing the necessary changes so that the body can survive and emergency
Increases heart rate and blood glucose
Reduces blood flow to skin and GI tract

A

Sympathetic division

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17
Q 
“Rest and digest” 
responses with calming effects
Decreases heart rate
Stimulates digestion and waste elimination
maintaining the body’s steady state
“house keeping”
A

Parasympathetic division

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18
Q

Balance between activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
Both systems are working more-or-less all the time
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions may act antagonistically or cooperatively

A

Autonomic Tone

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19
Q

The Parasympathetic operates ____, one function is concentrated one at a time

A

locally and discretely

20
Q

The Sympathetic division often works by _____everything goes at the same time

A

“mass action”

21
Q

Preganglionic somas are housed in different regions of the CNS
Parasympathetic: 1
Sympathetic: 2

A
  1. brainstem or sacral spinal cord

2. lateral horns of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord

22
Q

Location of Ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia are______
Sympathetic are close to ______

A
  1. close to the effector organ

2. the spinal cord (sympathetic trunk)

23
Q

Post-ganglionic branches (how many)
Parasympathetic =
Sympathetic =

A
  1. few (4 or less), localized

2. many (more than 20), widespread effects across many organs

24
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers arise from the ____ or ____-of the spinal cord

A

cranial nerves or sacral regions

25
Q

Preganglionic fibers are very ___and ____

A

long and branching

26
Q

Terminal ganglia are located in ______

A

the wall of the effector

27
Q

Postganglionic fibers are very ____ and ____

A

short and specific for one effector

28
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers arise through the ______of the spinal cord
Preganglionic somas are in lateral horns

A

thoracic and lumbar regions

29
Q

Most ganglia are located in a chain just outside the ____

A

spinal cord

30
Q

Postganglionic fibers are _____, innervating multiple organs

A

highly branched

31
Q

Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia:
Located on what side of the vertebral column?
Linked by short nerves into ______
Joined to ventral rami by_______

A

Both sides
Sympathetic trunks
white and gray rami communicantes

32
Q

Collateral Ganglia differ from sympathetic trunk ganglia in three ways

A

Unpaired, not segmentally arranged
Occur only in abdomen and pelvis
Lie anterior to the vertebral column

33
Q

Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and inferior hypogastric ganglia

A

Main ganglia

34
Q

The Adrenal Medulla is a major organ of the ____

A

sympathetic nervous system

35
Q

What constitutes the largest sympathetic ganglia

A

Adrenal Medulla

36
Q

The adrenal medulla secretes great quantities of _____ and _____

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine (adrenaline)

37
Q

The adrenal medulla is stimulated to secrete by _____

A

preganglionic sympathetic fibers

38
Q

Outer part

Secretes steroid hormones

A

Adrenal cortex

39
Q

The Adrenal Glands are located

A

Superior to kidneys

40
Q

Inner part
Secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine
Resembles a sympathetic ganglion
Somas lack processes

A

Adrenal medulla

41
Q

Nervous system of the digestive tract

A

Enteric Nervous System

42
Q

Enteric Nervous System:
Innervates ____ and ____
Has its own reflexes to control___ and ___

A

smooth muscle and glands

motility and emptying of GI organs

43
Q

Regulates Enteric Nervous System

A

Motility of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines

Secretion of digestive enzymes and acid

44
Q

Most organs receive input from both parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons
May have antagonistic or cooperative effects on the same organ
Parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons at effectors may utilize different neurotransmitters

A

Duel Innervation

45
Q

Hair follicle muscles, sweat glands and most blood vessels are under sympathetic or parasympathetic control only?

A

Sympathetic

46
Q

What dictates the magnitude of the response for hair follicle muscles, sweat glands and most blood vessels

A

In these cases, more or less frequent signals from the neuron dictates magnitude of response

Anatomy (14 decks)

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