Lymphatic System Flashcards
A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called a lymph ______.
node
Which cells function as antigen presenting cells?
Macrophages, B cells, Dendritic cells
What cells phagocytize an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface for recognition by other cells of the immune system
NK cells
Interferons, complement, defensins, and granzymes are examples of what?
antimicrobial proteins
The accumulation of dead cells, fluid, and tissue debris is called what?
pus
What is artificial active immunity?
Acquiring one’s own immunity against an attenuated pathogen
What is required for activation of a B cell?
It must bind an antigen on several surface receptors, and it must bind a helper T cell
Place the structures that lymph flows through a lymph node in order
1: Afferent lymphatic vessel
2: Subcapsular sinus of the cortex
3: Sinuses of cortex and medulla
4: Efferent lymphatic vessel
List the three tonsils from top down
Pharyngeal tonsil, Palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil
What are monocytes that migrate to the tissue and function as phagocytes called?
Macrophages
B cells are a type of what?
Lymphocyte
Humoral immunity is mediated by what?
B-cells (B lymphocytes)
What features of skin offer immunoprotection?
The presence of lactic acid, the presence of a continuous barrier to the external environment, the presence of defensins
When the body makes its own antibodies or T cells against a pathogen, it is exhibiting what type of immunitiy?
Active
What cells are types of lymphocytes?
NK cells (nonspecific defense), B cells (humoral immunity), T cells (cellular immunity)
Name the bilobed lymphatic organ that is located in the mediastinum
Thymus
When reexposed to the same pathogen, the body reacts so quickly that there is no noticeable illness. Which characteristic of immunity is this?
Memory
What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?
Absorption of lipids, fluid recovery from tissues, and immunity
Place the flow of fluid in order beginning with blood capillaries
1: Blood Capillaries
2: interstitial spaces
3: lymphatic capillaries
4: lymphatic vessels
5: lymphatic ducts
6: subclavian veins
Name the large lymphatic organ located near the diaphragm, stomach, and left kidney
spleen
A mast cell is very similar to what type of leukocyte? Both secrete histamine, heparin, and other chemicals invovled with inflammation
Basophil
Which leukocytes are responsible for adaptive immunity?
Lymphocytes
What are the three secondary lymphoid organs?
Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsiles
Name the lymphocyte that mediates humoral immune responses, differentiating into an antibody-producing plasma cell
B-cell
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Pain, swelling, heat, redness
What are the patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance to the pharynx, where they guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens?
Tonsils
What type of leukocyte functions to nonspecifcally destroy bacteria by means of phagocytosis, intracellualr digestion, and secretion of bactericidal chemicals?
neutrophil
Which characteristic describes how immunity is directed against a particular pathogen, and that immunity to one pathogen usually does not confer immunity to others?
specificity
They type of defense that provides future protection against a pathogen is called what?
adaptive immunity
Which line of defense not only defeats a pathogen but also leaves the body with a memory of it?
Third
What is the second line of defense?
leukocytes, antimicrobial proteins, fever, and inflammation
Which T cell plays an integral role in both humoral and cell mediated immunity?
Helper T cell
Which lymphocytes originate in the red bone marrow, then finish maturation in the thymus?
T-cells
Any lage molecule capable of triggering an immune response is called what?
Antigen
What cells secrete antibodies?
plasma cells
What is a terminally differentiated B cell which functions to produce and secrete antibodies?
plasma cells
Name the leukocyte that would help a patient combat a parasitic tapeworm infection
eosinophil
What is the first line of defense against pathogens?
External barriers
Which cells are highly branched APCs found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphatic tissue?
Dendritic cells
Describe lymphatic capillaries
Closed-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells
Place the events of the humoral response in order
1: Immunocopetent B cells bind to an antigen
2: A B cell internalizes an antigen and displays it on MHC-II proteins to TH cells
3: TH cells secrete interleukins which activate the B cell
4: The B cell undergoes clonal selection
5: B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells
6: Plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies
The thymus is considered part of which body systems?
Endocrine, immune, and lymphatic
The components of the lymphatic system are what?
lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, lymphatic nodes, and lymphatic organs
What lymphatic cell functions to non-specifically target bacteria, transplanted tissue cells, and virally infected or cancerous host cells through the secretion of perforins and granzymes?
Natural killer cells (NK cells)
What cell migrates into the tissue where it transforms into a macrophage?
monocyte
What is the function of lacteal?
To absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digestd food
What is Type I hypersensitivity?
Acute
What is Type II hypersensitivity?
Antibody dependent cytotoxicity
What is Type III hypersensitivity
Immune complex
What is Type IV hypersensitivity?
Delayed
What describes a clonal population of T cells?
They react to the same antigen, they are self-tolerant, they are identical
Which globulins make powerful contributions to both nonspecific resistance and specific immunity?
compement
A disease-causing organism or chemical is generally called a what?
pathogen
What T cells attack foreign cells?
Cytotoxic
Describe allergens
They are environmental antigens, they induce allergies, they can occur in mold, dust, and pollen
Distinct connective tissue capsules surround which part of the lymphatic system?
Lymphatic organs
Describe a neutrophil
granulocyte, usually with a multi-lobed nucleus, serves especially to destroy bacteria by means of phagocytosis, intracellular digestion, and secretion of bactericidal chemicasl
What are three inflammatory mediators released by basophils and mast cells?
leukotriene, histamine, and heparin
What is artifical passive immunity?
body is injected with antibodies from another person or animal
Which cells produce the stroma of lymphatic organs?
reticular cells
A T cell will only become activated if what occurs?
It is costimulated by other surface molecules and it inds to a foreign antigen presented on an MHC protein
