Lymphatic System

Question 1

A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called a lymph ______.

Answer 1

node

Question 2

Which cells function as antigen presenting cells?

Answer 2

Macrophages, B cells, Dendritic cells

Question 3

What cells phagocytize an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface for recognition by other cells of the immune system

Answer 3

NK cells

Question 4

Interferons, complement, defensins, and granzymes are examples of what?

Answer 4

antimicrobial proteins

Question 5

The accumulation of dead cells, fluid, and tissue debris is called what?

Answer 5

pus

Question 6

What is artificial active immunity?

Answer 6

Acquiring one’s own immunity against an attenuated pathogen

Question 7

What is required for activation of a B cell?

Answer 7

It must bind an antigen on several surface receptors, and it must bind a helper T cell

Question 8

Place the structures that lymph flows through a lymph node in order

Answer 8

1: Afferent lymphatic vessel
2: Subcapsular sinus of the cortex
3: Sinuses of cortex and medulla
4: Efferent lymphatic vessel

Question 9

List the three tonsils from top down

Answer 9

Pharyngeal tonsil, Palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil

Question 10

What are monocytes that migrate to the tissue and function as phagocytes called?

Answer 10

Macrophages

Question 11

B cells are a type of what?

Answer 11

Lymphocyte

Question 12

Humoral immunity is mediated by what?

Answer 12

B-cells (B lymphocytes)

Question 13

What features of skin offer immunoprotection?

Answer 13

The presence of lactic acid, the presence of a continuous barrier to the external environment, the presence of defensins

Question 14

When the body makes its own antibodies or T cells against a pathogen, it is exhibiting what type of immunitiy?

Answer 14

Active

Question 15

What cells are types of lymphocytes?

Answer 15

NK cells (nonspecific defense), B cells (humoral immunity), T cells (cellular immunity)

Question 16

Name the bilobed lymphatic organ that is located in the mediastinum

Answer 16

Thymus

Question 17

When reexposed to the same pathogen, the body reacts so quickly that there is no noticeable illness. Which characteristic of immunity is this?

Answer 17

Memory

Question 18

What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 18

Absorption of lipids, fluid recovery from tissues, and immunity

Question 19

Place the flow of fluid in order beginning with blood capillaries

Answer 19

1: Blood Capillaries
2: interstitial spaces
3: lymphatic capillaries
4: lymphatic vessels
5: lymphatic ducts
6: subclavian veins

Question 20

Name the large lymphatic organ located near the diaphragm, stomach, and left kidney

Answer 20

spleen

Question 21

A mast cell is very similar to what type of leukocyte? Both secrete histamine, heparin, and other chemicals invovled with inflammation

Answer 21

Basophil

Question 22

Which leukocytes are responsible for adaptive immunity?

Answer 22

Lymphocytes

Question 23

What are the three secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 23

Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsiles

Question 24

Name the lymphocyte that mediates humoral immune responses, differentiating into an antibody-producing plasma cell

Answer 24

B-cell

Question 25

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 25

Pain, swelling, heat, redness

Question 26

What are the patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance to the pharynx, where they guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens?

Answer 26

Tonsils

Question 27

What type of leukocyte functions to nonspecifcally destroy bacteria by means of phagocytosis, intracellualr digestion, and secretion of bactericidal chemicals?

Answer 27

neutrophil

Question 28

Which characteristic describes how immunity is directed against a particular pathogen, and that immunity to one pathogen usually does not confer immunity to others?

Answer 28

specificity

Question 29

They type of defense that provides future protection against a pathogen is called what?

Answer 29

adaptive immunity

Question 30

Which line of defense not only defeats a pathogen but also leaves the body with a memory of it?

Answer 30

Third

Question 31

What is the second line of defense?

Answer 31

leukocytes, antimicrobial proteins, fever, and inflammation

Question 32

Which T cell plays an integral role in both humoral and cell mediated immunity?

Answer 32

Helper T cell

Question 33

Which lymphocytes originate in the red bone marrow, then finish maturation in the thymus?

Answer 33

T-cells

Question 34

Any lage molecule capable of triggering an immune response is called what?

Answer 34

Antigen

Question 35

What cells secrete antibodies?

Answer 35

plasma cells

Question 36

What is a terminally differentiated B cell which functions to produce and secrete antibodies?

Answer 36

plasma cells

Question 37

Name the leukocyte that would help a patient combat a parasitic tapeworm infection

Answer 37

eosinophil

Question 38

What is the first line of defense against pathogens?

Answer 38

External barriers

Question 39

Which cells are highly branched APCs found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphatic tissue?

Answer 39

Dendritic cells

Question 40

Describe lymphatic capillaries

Answer 40

Closed-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells

Question 41

Place the events of the humoral response in order

Answer 41

1: Immunocopetent B cells bind to an antigen 2: A B cell internalizes an antigen and displays it on MHC-II proteins to TH cells 3: TH cells secrete interleukins which activate the B cell 4: The B cell undergoes clonal selection 5: B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells 6: Plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies

Question 42

The thymus is considered part of which body systems?

Answer 42

Endocrine, immune, and lymphatic

Question 43

The components of the lymphatic system are what?

Answer 43

lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, lymphatic nodes, and lymphatic organs

Question 44

What lymphatic cell functions to non-specifically target bacteria, transplanted tissue cells, and virally infected or cancerous host cells through the secretion of perforins and granzymes?

Answer 44

Natural killer cells (NK cells)

Question 45

What cell migrates into the tissue where it transforms into a macrophage?

Answer 45

monocyte

Question 46

What is the function of lacteal?

Answer 46

To absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digestd food

Question 47

What is Type I hypersensitivity?

Answer 47

Acute

Question 48

What is Type II hypersensitivity?

Answer 48

Antibody dependent cytotoxicity

Question 49

What is Type III hypersensitivity

Answer 49

Immune complex

Question 50

What is Type IV hypersensitivity?

Answer 50

Delayed

Question 51

What describes a clonal population of T cells?

Answer 51

They react to the same antigen, they are self-tolerant, they are identical

Question 52

Which globulins make powerful contributions to both nonspecific resistance and specific immunity?

Answer 52

compement

Question 53

A disease-causing organism or chemical is generally called a what?

Answer 53

pathogen

Question 54

What T cells attack foreign cells?

Answer 54

Cytotoxic

Question 55

Describe allergens

Answer 55

They are environmental antigens, they induce allergies, they can occur in mold, dust, and pollen

Question 56

Distinct connective tissue capsules surround which part of the lymphatic system?

Answer 56

Lymphatic organs

Question 57

Describe a neutrophil

Answer 57

granulocyte, usually with a multi-lobed nucleus, serves especially to destroy bacteria by means of phagocytosis, intracellular digestion, and secretion of bactericidal chemicasl

Question 58

What are three inflammatory mediators released by basophils and mast cells?

Answer 58

leukotriene, histamine, and heparin

Question 59

What is artifical passive immunity?

Answer 59

body is injected with antibodies from another person or animal

Question 60

Which cells produce the stroma of lymphatic organs?

Answer 60

reticular cells

Question 61

A T cell will only become activated if what occurs?

Answer 61

It is costimulated by other surface molecules and it inds to a foreign antigen presented on an MHC protein