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A&P2 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called a lymph ______.

A

node

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2
Q

Which cells function as antigen presenting cells?

A

Macrophages, B cells, Dendritic cells

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3
Q

What cells phagocytize an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface for recognition by other cells of the immune system

A

NK cells

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4
Q

Interferons, complement, defensins, and granzymes are examples of what?

A

antimicrobial proteins

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5
Q

The accumulation of dead cells, fluid, and tissue debris is called what?

A

pus

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6
Q

What is artificial active immunity?

A

Acquiring one’s own immunity against an attenuated pathogen

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7
Q

What is required for activation of a B cell?

A

It must bind an antigen on several surface receptors, and it must bind a helper T cell

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8
Q

Place the structures that lymph flows through a lymph node in order

A

1: Afferent lymphatic vessel
2: Subcapsular sinus of the cortex
3: Sinuses of cortex and medulla
4: Efferent lymphatic vessel

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9
Q

List the three tonsils from top down

A

Pharyngeal tonsil, Palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil

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10
Q

What are monocytes that migrate to the tissue and function as phagocytes called?

A

Macrophages

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11
Q

B cells are a type of what?

A

Lymphocyte

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12
Q

Humoral immunity is mediated by what?

A

B-cells (B lymphocytes)

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13
Q

What features of skin offer immunoprotection?

A

The presence of lactic acid, the presence of a continuous barrier to the external environment, the presence of defensins

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14
Q

When the body makes its own antibodies or T cells against a pathogen, it is exhibiting what type of immunitiy?

A

Active

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15
Q

What cells are types of lymphocytes?

A

NK cells (nonspecific defense), B cells (humoral immunity), T cells (cellular immunity)

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16
Q

Name the bilobed lymphatic organ that is located in the mediastinum

A

Thymus

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17
Q

When reexposed to the same pathogen, the body reacts so quickly that there is no noticeable illness. Which characteristic of immunity is this?

A

Memory

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18
Q

What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Absorption of lipids, fluid recovery from tissues, and immunity

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19
Q

Place the flow of fluid in order beginning with blood capillaries

A

1: Blood Capillaries
2: interstitial spaces
3: lymphatic capillaries
4: lymphatic vessels
5: lymphatic ducts
6: subclavian veins

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20
Q

Name the large lymphatic organ located near the diaphragm, stomach, and left kidney

A

spleen

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21
Q

A mast cell is very similar to what type of leukocyte? Both secrete histamine, heparin, and other chemicals invovled with inflammation

A

Basophil

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22
Q

Which leukocytes are responsible for adaptive immunity?

A

Lymphocytes

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23
Q

What are the three secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsiles

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24
Q

Name the lymphocyte that mediates humoral immune responses, differentiating into an antibody-producing plasma cell

A

B-cell

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25
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Pain, swelling, heat, redness

26
Q

What are the patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance to the pharynx, where they guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens?

A

Tonsils

27
Q

What type of leukocyte functions to nonspecifcally destroy bacteria by means of phagocytosis, intracellualr digestion, and secretion of bactericidal chemicals?

A

neutrophil

28
Q

Which characteristic describes how immunity is directed against a particular pathogen, and that immunity to one pathogen usually does not confer immunity to others?

A

specificity

29
Q

They type of defense that provides future protection against a pathogen is called what?

A

adaptive immunity

30
Q

Which line of defense not only defeats a pathogen but also leaves the body with a memory of it?

A

Third

31
Q

What is the second line of defense?

A

leukocytes, antimicrobial proteins, fever, and inflammation

32
Q

Which T cell plays an integral role in both humoral and cell mediated immunity?

A

Helper T cell

33
Q

Which lymphocytes originate in the red bone marrow, then finish maturation in the thymus?

A

T-cells

34
Q

Any lage molecule capable of triggering an immune response is called what?

A

Antigen

35
Q

What cells secrete antibodies?

A

plasma cells

36
Q

What is a terminally differentiated B cell which functions to produce and secrete antibodies?

A

plasma cells

37
Q

Name the leukocyte that would help a patient combat a parasitic tapeworm infection

A

eosinophil

38
Q

What is the first line of defense against pathogens?

A

External barriers

39
Q

Which cells are highly branched APCs found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphatic tissue?

A

Dendritic cells

40
Q

Describe lymphatic capillaries

A

Closed-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells

41
Q

Place the events of the humoral response in order

A

1: Immunocopetent B cells bind to an antigen
2: A B cell internalizes an antigen and displays it on MHC-II proteins to TH cells
3: TH cells secrete interleukins which activate the B cell
4: The B cell undergoes clonal selection
5: B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells
6: Plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies

42
Q

The thymus is considered part of which body systems?

A

Endocrine, immune, and lymphatic

43
Q

The components of the lymphatic system are what?

A

lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, lymphatic nodes, and lymphatic organs

44
Q

What lymphatic cell functions to non-specifically target bacteria, transplanted tissue cells, and virally infected or cancerous host cells through the secretion of perforins and granzymes?

A

Natural killer cells (NK cells)

45
Q

What cell migrates into the tissue where it transforms into a macrophage?

A

monocyte

46
Q

What is the function of lacteal?

A

To absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digestd food

47
Q

What is Type I hypersensitivity?

A

Acute

48
Q

What is Type II hypersensitivity?

A

Antibody dependent cytotoxicity

49
Q

What is Type III hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex

50
Q

What is Type IV hypersensitivity?

A

Delayed

51
Q

What describes a clonal population of T cells?

A

They react to the same antigen, they are self-tolerant, they are identical

52
Q

Which globulins make powerful contributions to both nonspecific resistance and specific immunity?

A

compement

53
Q

A disease-causing organism or chemical is generally called a what?

A

pathogen

54
Q

What T cells attack foreign cells?

A

Cytotoxic

55
Q

Describe allergens

A

They are environmental antigens, they induce allergies, they can occur in mold, dust, and pollen

56
Q

Distinct connective tissue capsules surround which part of the lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic organs

57
Q

Describe a neutrophil

A

granulocyte, usually with a multi-lobed nucleus, serves especially to destroy bacteria by means of phagocytosis, intracellular digestion, and secretion of bactericidal chemicasl

58
Q

What are three inflammatory mediators released by basophils and mast cells?

A

leukotriene, histamine, and heparin

59
Q

What is artifical passive immunity?

A

body is injected with antibodies from another person or animal

60
Q

Which cells produce the stroma of lymphatic organs?

A

reticular cells

61
Q

A T cell will only become activated if what occurs?

A

It is costimulated by other surface molecules and it inds to a foreign antigen presented on an MHC protein

A&P2 (13 decks)

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