Circulatory System

Question 1

Which circuit supplies oxygen and nutrients to all organs and removes their metabolic wastes?

Answer 1

Systemic

Question 2

The force that the blood exerts against a vessel wall.

Answer 2

Blood pressure

Question 3

The outermost layer of arteries

Answer 3

Tunica externa

Question 4

Which substances leave the body by diffusing directly through the plasma membrane of endothelial cells?

Answer 4

steroid hormones, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Question 5

List the three classes of arteries in order from smallest to largest

Answer 5

1: Resisting arteries
2: Distributing arteries
3: Conducting arteries

Question 6

Where are continuous capillaries most likely found?

Answer 6

Most tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle)

Question 7

Where are fenestrated capillaries most likely found?

Answer 7

Organs that engage in rapid absorption or filtration of small molecules (e.g. small intestine, kidneys)

Question 8

Where are sinusoids (type of capillary) most likely found?

Answer 8

Areas where large proteins and cells need to enter or leave the bloodstream (e.g. liver and spleen)

Question 9

What layers do capillary walls consist of?

Answer 9

endothelium, basal lamina

Question 10

The purpose of which circuit is for the blood to release carbon dioxide and picking up oxygen?

Answer 10

Pulmonary

Question 11

List the layers (tunics) of the arteries and veins in order, from innermost to outermost layer.

Answer 11

1: Tunica intima,
2: Tunica media,
3: Tunica adventitia

Question 12

Which class of artery are large, elastic arteries?

Answer 12

conducting arteries

Question 13

Which class of artery are medium sized, muscular arteries?

Answer 13

Distributing arteries

Question 14

Which class of artery are small arteries that are too variable to be given individual name?

Answer 14

Resistance arteries

Question 15

The narrowest type of blood vessel in the cardiovascular system that engages in fluid exchange with surrounding tissues is called what?

Answer 15

capillary

Question 16

What is the function of the arterial sense organs?

Answer 16

monitor blood chemistry and blood pressure

Question 17

What is a capillary bed?

Answer 17

A network of capillaries supplied by a single arteriole or metarteriole.

Question 18

What directly affects peripheral resistance?

Answer 18

vessel length, vessel radius, and blood viscosity

Question 19

The ability of a tissue to adjust to its own blood supply through vasomotion or angiogenesis is known as what?

Answer 19

autoregulation

Question 20

What does Anglotensin II do?

Answer 20

Potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure

Question 21

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 21

promotes Na+ retention, which increases blood volume and raises blood pressure.

Question 22

What do Natriuretic peptides do?

Answer 22

Promote Na+ excretion, which reduces blood volume and lowers blood pressure

Question 23

What do antidiuretic hormones do?

Answer 23

Increase blood pressure by promoting water retention; acts as a vasoconstrictor at extremely high concentrations

Question 24

What are the smallest of the veins?

Answer 24

postcapillary venules

Question 25

Which layer of the vein wall contains smooth muscle?

Answer 25

tunica media

Question 26

Which layer of the vein wall is composed of connective tissue?

Answer 26

tunica externa

Question 27

What are the smallest resistance arteries called?

Answer 27

arterioles

Question 28

Arterioles are the smallest type of which artery?

Answer 28

resistance arteries

Question 29

List the branches of the aortic arch in order from the most proximal branch to the most distal branch

Answer 29

1: Brachiocephalic trunk 2: Left common carotid 3: Left subclavian

Question 30

What is the accumulation of excess interstitial (tissue) fluid?

Answer 30

edema

Question 31

Which pressure is the minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during ventricular relaxation?

Answer 31

Diastolic pressure

Question 32

Which hormones influence blood pressure?

Answer 32

Aldosterone, Epinephrine, Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), Angiotensin II, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 33

Which of the three primary categories of blood vessels carries blood back to the heart?

Answer 33

Veins

Question 34

What term refers to the flow of blood back to the heart?

Answer 34

venous return

Question 35

Summarize the general process of capillary fluid exchange.

Answer 35

Fluid moves out of a capillary bed at the arterial end, exchanges materials with the tissue cells, then reenters the blood at the venous end

Question 36

What term refers to chronic low resting blood pressure?

Answer 36

Hypotension

Question 37

List the vessels in order starting with those that have the highest blood pressure to those that have the lowest blood pressure

Answer 37

1: Aorta 2: Systemic artery 3: Capillary 4: Venule 5: Systemic Vein 6: Superior Vena Cava

Question 38

What is a possible cause of hypovolemic shock?

Answer 38

severe dehydration

Question 39

What is a possible cause of obstructed venous return shock?

Answer 39

tumor growth

Question 40

What is a possible cause of neurogenic shock?

Answer 40

Brainstem trauma

Question 41

What is a possible cause of septic shock?

Answer 41

Bacterial infection

Question 42

Arterial sense organs monitor blood chemistry and blood pressure in order to help regulate what?

Answer 42

heart rate, respiration rate

Question 43

List the arteries of the upper limb in order from the most proximal to the most distal

Answer 43

1: Axillary artery 2: Brachial Artery 3: Radial artery 4: Deep palmar arch

Question 44

What is an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure?

Answer 44

baroreflex

Question 45

What is a baroreflex?

Answer 45

an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure

Question 46

What term refers to a small vessel that empties into a capillary?

Answer 46

arteriole

Question 47

What term refers to a small vessel that drains a capillary?

Answer 47

venule