Lymphatic System Flashcards
lymphedema and PT job!
transport is disrupted = accumulation of fluid and proteins in tissue space
PT gets it back to functioning lymphatics and central circulation
superficial lymph drainage is ____ while deep lymph drainage is _____
symmetric
asymmetric
Right upper extremity and thoracic lymphotome drain into the ______
right lymphatic duct
left upper extremity, left thoracic lymphotome, both lower extremities, external genital areas, abdominal lymphotomes drain into the _____
left subclavian vein
Three fourths of the total flow draining to the _______
left subclavian vein
What enhances flow in the trunks and ducts?
respiratory effort
Superficial vs deep vessel lymph flow - what controls each?
superficial vessels rely on MUSCULAR CONTRACTION, hydrostatic pressure, gentle movement of skin
deep vessels have smooth muscle and valves and help prevent back flow
T/F deep lymph vessel parallel the venous system
T
What are the smallest lymphatic vessels that are only one cell thick?
initial lymphatics (lymph capillaries)
Initial lymphatics function as force pumps powered by what?
variations/changes in total tissue pressure and external pressure
What causes changes in total tissue pressure that is required for lymph capillaries to work?
MOVEMENT AND MUSCULAR CONTRACTION and variations in external pressure caused by stretch, GRAVITY and change in POSITION
Lymphangion
what is their main function?
each segment of collecting lymphatic vessels between valves
prevent backflow and help pump
What increases pumping action of lymphatic valves
muscle contraction, autonomic stimulation or manual lymphatic drainage
Lymph trunks
gradual increase in diameter size of collecting lymphatics
What moves the lymph in the collecting lymphatic walls and what happens if flow is obstructed?
Muscle in the collecting lymph walls is controlled by the ANS at rest and contract 5-10x a minute
If the flow is obstructed, pressure in the vessel rises and can fatigue the muscle wall, causing ineffective contractions and vessel failure = walls dilate and prevent closure of valves = backflow = LYMPHEDEMA
Why would unexpected trauma or controlled (surgery) trauma that injuries blood vessels also injure lymph vessels?
deep lymph vessels are embedded in fat and accompany the chains of lymph nodes along the blood vessels
What are the main functions of lymph nodes?
filter lymph to clear waste
adjust fluid concentration
produce lymphocytes and macrophages
destroy bacteria and viruses and cancer cells
Why are lymph nodes often the sites of obstruction in lymphatic dysfunction?
Lymph nodes offer 100 times the normal resistance to flow of lymph within the lymphatic vessels themselves
(This resistance happens because the lymph has to travel through a network of narrow, tortuous spaces inside the lymph node, which increases the “friction” or resistance to flow. Giving time for immune cells to clean and filter)
What do watersheds do
separate territories
What are the smaller divisions in each territory called?
lymphotomes
designate areas specific to certain regional nodes
What are the 4 trunk quadrants?
right and let axillary territories
right and left inguinal territories
Lymphadenitis
inflammation of one or more lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
enlargement of lymph nodes
lymphangitis
inflammation of a lymph vessel
