Lymphatic system

Question 1

lymphatic system 4 elements

Answer 1

lymph
lyphatic vessels
structures and organs containing lymphocytes
red bone marrow

Question 2

functions of lymphtic system

Answer 2

drains excess interstitial fluid
transports dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins (a,d,e,k) from gastrointestinal tract back into blood
carries out immune response
-antigens
-b cells (15-30% of lymphocytes)
-plasma cells
-antibodies
-t cells (70-85% of total lymphocytes)
t helper, t cytoxic, t regulatory

Question 3

Lymphatic capillaries

Answer 3

lymphatic capillaries - absorb interstitial fluid and pass lymph to afferent lymphatic vessels

afferent lymphatic vessels - carries lymph from lyphatic capillaries to lymph nodes

lymph nodes - remove foreign substances through filtering lymph, phagocytosis and immune reactions

efferent lymphatic vessels - carry lymph from lympth nodes

lymph vessels - pass lymph to lymphatic ducts

lymph ducts - empty lymth into junction of jugular and subclavien veins of cardio system

Question 4

major trunks lymph

Answer 4

lumbar trunks - free lower limbs, wall of viscera of the pelvis, kidneys, adrenal glands, adbominal wall

intestinal trunk - stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, part of liver

bronchomedistinal trunks - thoracic wall, lungs, heart

subclavian trunks drain - free upper limbs

jugular trunks - head and neck

Question 4

major trunks lymph

Answer 4

lumbar trunks - free lower limbs, wall of viscera of the pelvis, kidneys, adrenal glands, adbominal wall

intestinal trunk - stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, part of liver

bronchomedistinal trunks - thoracic wall, lungs, heart

subclavian trunks drain - free upper limbs

jugular trunks - head and neck

Question 5

Routes for drainage of lymph

Answer 5

right side trunk - right jugular, sublavian, right bronchomediastinal

left - all 5 trunks

both drain into internal jugular and subclavien veins

Question 6

Thymus

Answer 6

primary - bone marrow thymus
secondary - lymph nodes and spleen

biloped organ located in the mediastinum between sternum and aorta - capsule, trabeculae, lobules

cortex - immature t cells migrate from red bone marrow to cortex of thyumus and mature

denddritic cells

Question 7

cortex vs medulla

Answer 7

cortex
t cells
dendritic cells - aids in maturation
epithelial cells - thymic hormones and pre=t cells into t cells
macrophages - phagocytosis

medulla - mature t cells
epithelial cells
dendritic cells
macrophages 
thymic corpuscles (t cells death)

Question 8

Lymph nodes

Answer 8

along lymphatic vessels there are 600 bean shaped lymph nodes
capsular extensions trabeculae divide a node into compartments
stroma
parachyma (functional tissue( of lymph node is divided into superficial cortex and a deep medulla
innter cortex (paracortex)
medulla
stroma - capsule, trabeculae, reticular fibers, fibroblast

Question 9

Spleen

Answer 9

largest mass of lymphatic tissue
left chondriac region between diaphagm and pancreas

parenchyma - red pulp, white pulp

white pulp - lymphocytes and magcrophages, b and 5 cells immune response

red pulp - stores red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes
3 functions
removal of ruptures, warn out, or defected blood cells and plateletes by macrophages
storages of platelettes -1/3 of body supply
production of blood cells (hemopoiesis) during fetal life