Integumentary system Flashcards
Functions of skin t (sg bs id) br pfee (ksm) cs (tp) e (ua) a (v) sofd
thermoregulation (sweat glands and blood vessels in dermis)
blood reservoir
protection from external environment (keratin, sebum, melanin)
cutaneous sensation (touch, pain, cold)
excretion (urea and ammonia)
absorption (vitamins)
synthesis of vitamin d
Connective and epithelial tissues dermis and epidermis made up of
epidermis
epithelial - kss
dermis
connective -di, a, ecf
hypo -vtoc, a
Epidermis
epithelial - keratinized stratified squamous
dermis
connective - dense irregular, areolar, elastic collagen fiber
hypodermis - various types of connective, adipose
Keratinocytes 85oec kpp plg pe
85% of epidermal cells
keratin provides protection
produce lamellar granules
prevents evaporation
Melanocytes
8oec
pmpaur
usc
8% of epidermal cells
pigment melanin protects against ultraviolet radiation
unique skin colour
Dedritic cells/ langerhans cells 3
immune response
microbes
infection
Markel cells/tactile epithelial cells
sensation
Stratum basale dloe kgtcdpol c/cisr ikpdlfi mamcfitl
Deepest layer of epidermis
keratinocytes go through cell division to produce all other layers
cuboidal/columnar in single row
intermediate keratin protects deeper layers from injury
melanocytes and merkel cells found in this layer
Stratum spinosum 8-10lokwt cislbf ifp scd m d/l
8-10 layers of keratinocytes with tonofilaments cells in superficial layer become flat intermediate filaments present SOME cells divide melanocytes dendritic/langerhans
IF CONTAINS MELANOCYTES GIVES SKIN COLOUR
IF DENDRITIC CELLS PRESENT IT PROTECTS AGAINST DISEASE
YUP
Stratum granulosum 3-5fk kalg kciftk kd l-plobf, peofm
3-5 flat keratinocytes
keratohyalin and lamellar granules
keratohyalin converts intermediate filaments into keratin
kertinocytes die
lamellar - prevents loss of body fluids, prevents entry of foreign materials
Stratum lucidum 4-6c,f,d,k lok tpm ofiso f,p,s papt
4-6 rows of clear, flat dead, keratinocytes
lots of keratin
thick plasma membrane
only found in skin of fingertips, palms, soles
parallel arrangement provides toughness
Stratum corneum 25-50 rod,f,t,k mk slodk,c,s - tsarfds chnnao stfcc
25-50 row of dead, flat, thin, keratinocytes
mostly keratin
sub layers of dead keratinocytes, corneocytes, squames - they shed and replaced from deeper strata
corneocytes has no nuclei and organelles
skin to friction causes callus
Dermis
dict
cef
composed of dense irregular
collagen elastic fibers
Papillary region
1/5toe
ul
actwcef dp(c) cot (sense) fne sdte
1/5 of thickness of dermis
upper layer
areolar connective tissue with collagen and elstic fibers dermal papillae (capillaries) corpuscle of touch free nerve endings secure dermis to epidermis
Reticular region ml di caef f ac hf n bv sas (gl) smwsis
middle layer dense irregular collagen and elastic fibers fibroblast adipose cells hair follicles nerves blood vessels sebaceous and sudoriferous (sweat gland) stretch marks when skin is stretched
Melanin mp y-r/b-b aomdsc aomsfe capp
melanocyte produce yellow-red/brown-black pigment
amount of melanocyte determine skin colour
amount of melanocyte same for everyone
color amount of pigment produced
Hemoglobin
r
lietftdc
red
located in erythrocytes that flows through dermal capillaries
Carotene
y-o
fisc, d, sl
yellow-orange
found in stratum corneum, dermis, and subcutaneous layer
Hair function p rohl slt
structure
d, kec
consists of s r hf b (pwhbce) hm (whg)
protection
reduction of heat loss
sensing light touch
dead, keratinized epidermal cells
shaft root hair follicle bulb (papila where hair blood vessels enter) hair matrix (where hair grows)
Sebaceous gland chc sos spdohas bp phfdabb
connected to hair follicles
secrete oily substance
sebum prevents dehydration of hair and skin
bactericidal properties
prevents hair from dying and becoming brittle
Sudoriferous ps 3t e/m a
Produce sweat 2 types eccrine/merocrine (onto surface) apocrine (bohf) sebaceous (bohf)
Eccrine/merocrine sios mcta opas hcbbe
nf l, nbofat gp c lm e
secrete independently onto surface
more common than apocrine
on palms and soles
helps cool body by evaporating
not found lips nail bed of fingers and toes glans penis clotoris labia minora ear drm
Apocrine found in skin of a g a bfr
dohf
sesase “cs”
found in skin of axilla groin areolae bearded facial regions
ducts open into hair follicles
stimulate emotional stress and sexual excitement “cold sweat”
Ceruminous
msgiec
pwsc (ew)
btpfmie
modified sweat glands in ear canal
produce waxy secretion cerumen (earwax)
barrier that prevents foreign materials in ear
Nails function hgamo pat s s
structure
pkec
consists of fe nb l nr nb nm c
helps grasps and minipulate objects
protection against trauma
scratching
support
packed keratinized epidermal cells
free edge nail body lunula nail root nail bed cuticle nail matrix
