Integumentary system

Question 1

Functions of skin
t (sg bs id)
br
pfee (ksm)
cs (tp)
e (ua)
a (v)
sofd

Answer 1

thermoregulation (sweat glands and blood vessels in dermis)
blood reservoir
protection from external environment (keratin, sebum, melanin)
cutaneous sensation (touch, pain, cold)
excretion (urea and ammonia)
absorption (vitamins)
synthesis of vitamin d

Question 2

Connective and epithelial tissues dermis and epidermis made up of
epidermis
epithelial - kss

dermis
connective -di, a, ecf

hypo -vtoc, a

Answer 2

Epidermis
epithelial - keratinized stratified squamous

dermis
connective - dense irregular, areolar, elastic collagen fiber

hypodermis - various types of connective, adipose

Question 3

Keratinocytes
85oec
kpp
plg
pe

Answer 3

85% of epidermal cells
keratin provides protection
produce lamellar granules
prevents evaporation

Question 4

Melanocytes
8oec
pmpaur
usc

Answer 4

8% of epidermal cells
pigment melanin protects against ultraviolet radiation
unique skin colour

Question 5

Dedritic cells/ langerhans cells 3

Answer 5

immune response
microbes
infection

Question 6

Markel cells/tactile epithelial cells

Answer 6

sensation

Question 7

Stratum basale
dloe
kgtcdpol
c/cisr
ikpdlfi
mamcfitl

Answer 7

Deepest layer of epidermis
keratinocytes go through cell division to produce all other layers
cuboidal/columnar in single row
intermediate keratin protects deeper layers from injury
melanocytes and merkel cells found in this layer

Question 8

Stratum spinosum
8-10lokwt
cislbf
ifp
scd
m
d/l

Answer 8

8-10 layers of keratinocytes with tonofilaments
cells in superficial layer become flat
intermediate filaments present
SOME cells divide
melanocytes
dendritic/langerhans

Question 9

IF CONTAINS MELANOCYTES GIVES SKIN COLOUR

IF DENDRITIC CELLS PRESENT IT PROTECTS AGAINST DISEASE

Answer 9

YUP

Question 10

Stratum granulosum
3-5fk
kalg
kciftk
kd
l-plobf, peofm

Answer 10

3-5 flat keratinocytes
keratohyalin and lamellar granules
keratohyalin converts intermediate filaments into keratin
kertinocytes die
lamellar - prevents loss of body fluids, prevents entry of foreign materials

Question 11

Stratum lucidum
4-6c,f,d,k
lok
tpm
ofiso f,p,s
papt

Answer 11

4-6 rows of clear, flat dead, keratinocytes
lots of keratin
thick plasma membrane
only found in skin of fingertips, palms, soles
parallel arrangement provides toughness

Question 12

Stratum corneum
25-50 rod,f,t,k
mk
slodk,c,s - tsarfds
chnnao
stfcc

Answer 12

25-50 row of dead, flat, thin, keratinocytes
mostly keratin
sub layers of dead keratinocytes, corneocytes, squames - they shed and replaced from deeper strata
corneocytes has no nuclei and organelles
skin to friction causes callus

Question 13

Dermis
dict
cef

Answer 13

composed of dense irregular

collagen elastic fibers

Question 14

Papillary region
1/5toe
ul

actwcef
dp(c)
cot (sense)
fne
sdte

Answer 14

1/5 of thickness of dermis
upper layer

areolar connective tissue with collagen and elstic fibers
dermal papillae (capillaries)
corpuscle of touch 
free nerve endings
secure dermis to epidermis

Question 15

Reticular region
ml
di
caef
f
ac
hf
n
bv
sas (gl)
smwsis

Answer 15

middle layer
dense irregular
collagen and elastic fibers
fibroblast
adipose cells
hair follicles
nerves
blood vessels
sebaceous and sudoriferous (sweat gland)
stretch marks when skin is stretched

Question 16

Melanin
mp y-r/b-b
aomdsc
aomsfe
capp

Answer 16

melanocyte produce yellow-red/brown-black pigment
amount of melanocyte determine skin colour
amount of melanocyte same for everyone
color amount of pigment produced

Question 17

Hemoglobin
r
lietftdc

Answer 17

red

located in erythrocytes that flows through dermal capillaries

Question 18

Carotene
y-o
fisc, d, sl

Answer 18

yellow-orange

found in stratum corneum, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

Question 19

Hair
function
p
rohl
slt

structure
d, kec

consists of
s
r
hf
b (pwhbce)
hm (whg)

Answer 19

protection
reduction of heat loss
sensing light touch

dead, keratinized epidermal cells

shaft
root
hair follicle
bulb (papila where hair blood vessels enter)
hair matrix (where hair grows)

Question 20

Sebaceous gland
chc
sos
spdohas
bp
phfdabb

Answer 20

connected to hair follicles
secrete oily substance
sebum prevents dehydration of hair and skin
bactericidal properties
prevents hair from dying and becoming brittle

Question 21

Sudoriferous 
ps
3t
e/m
a

Answer 21

Produce sweat
2 types
eccrine/merocrine (onto surface)
apocrine (bohf)
sebaceous (bohf)

Question 22

Eccrine/merocrine
sios
mcta
opas
hcbbe

nf
l,
nbofat
gp
c
lm
e

Answer 22

secrete independently onto surface
more common than apocrine
on palms and soles
helps cool body by evaporating

not found
lips
nail bed of fingers and toes
glans penis
clotoris
labia minora
ear drm

Question 23

Apocrine
found in skin of
a
g
a
bfr

dohf
sesase “cs”

Answer 23

found in skin of
axilla
groin
areolae
bearded facial regions

ducts open into hair follicles
stimulate emotional stress and sexual excitement “cold sweat”

Question 24

Ceruminous
msgiec
pwsc (ew)
btpfmie

Answer 24

modified sweat glands in ear canal
produce waxy secretion cerumen (earwax)
barrier that prevents foreign materials in ear

Question 25

Nails
function
hgamo
pat
s
s

structure
pkec

consists of
fe
nb
l
nr
nb
nm
c

Answer 25

helps grasps and minipulate objects
protection against trauma
scratching
support

packed keratinized epidermal cells

free edge
nail body
lunula
nail root
nail bed
cuticle
nail matrix