Axial skeleton skull

Question 1

How many bones cranial and facial region has

Answer 1

cranial - 8
facial - 14

axial skeleton 80 bones
skull 22, vertebral column 26, thoracic cage 25

appendicular skeleton 126
upper and lower limbs
bones that hold the limbs to the trunk of the body

Question 2

Cranial bones

Answer 2

frontal 1
parietal 2
temporal 2
occipital 1
sphenoid 1
ethmoid 1

Question 3

Facial bones

Answer 3

nasal 2
maxillae 2
zygomatic 2
lacrimal 2
palatine 2
inferior nasal conchae 2
vomer 1
mandible 1

Question 4

Paranasal sinus

Answer 4

lighten skull mass
increase surface area of nasal mucosa to moisten and cleanse inhaled air
echo resonating chambers that ingesify and prolong sounds

Question 5

sutures

Answer 5

coronal - unites frontal and parietal bones
sagittal - unites two parietal bones
squamous - unites parietal and temporal bones
lambdoid - unites two parietal bones to occipital bone

Question 6

fontanels (soft spot)

Answer 6

cartilage and unossified mesenchyme arranged in thing plates around developing braine

anterior
posterior
anterolateral
posterolateral

functions
fkexibility to fetal skull
allows skull to change shape through birth canal
rapid growth of brain

Question 7

Frontal bone unpaired

Answer 7

Forms anterior roof of cranium - forehead nasal cavity, orbital arches
frontal squama - forehead then forms supraorbital margin with eye socket
supraorbital margin
superorbital foramen - supraorbital nerva, artery and vein
frontal sinuses - reduce weight of skull

Question 8

Temporal bone paired

Answer 8

forms inferio-lateral part of cranial floor plus part of lateral wall near ear
extend narrow process forward towards zygomatic bone forming zygomatic arch

articular tubercle - articulate with mandile at the tmj
madibular fossa
zygomatic process - belongs to temporal bone
tomporal process - belongs to zygomatic bone
tmj

Question 9

Parietal bone paired

Answer 9

large quadralateral
forms sides and roof of cranial caivty
articulate 5 other bones
parietal foramina - blood vessels and nerves
seperated by coronal, squamous, lambdoid sutures
protusions and depressions - passes blood vessels supplying the dura mater

mastoid process - neck mucles flexion and extension
styloid process - tounge muscles and ligament

Question 10

mastoid portion

Answer 10

auditory metus - conduct air into middle ear

internal auditory meatus - opening for facial vii and vsibulochlear viii cranial nerves

mastoid process - attachment site for several neck muscles

styloid process - attachment for muscles and ligaments for tongue and neck

stylomastoid foramen - passage for facial vii and stylomastoid artery

Question 11

petrous

Answer 11

interal ear - sensory organs for hearing and equilibrium

middle - ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes)

corotid and jugular foramens - carotid artery and jugular vein

Question 12

Occipital bone unpaird

Answer 12

foramen magnum - spinal cord, vertebral, spinal arteries, and acceossory nerves

occipital condyles - first cervical vertebra - atlanto occipital joints

external occipital protuberance - midline projection

ligamentum nuchae - ligaments that support head

superior and inferior nuchal line - muscle attachment

hypoglossal canal - hypoglossal nerve and pharyngeal artery

Question 13

sphenoid bone unpaired consists of

Answer 13

forms middle part of base of skull
butterfly shape
keystone bone of cranial floor articulate with all other cranial bones

body, sphenoid sinus, sella turcica, tuberculum sellae, hypophyseal fossa - contains pituitary gland, dorsum sellae