Chapter 13 heart Flashcards
Heart base apex
mediastinum
apex - ventricle
base - atria
Functions of fibrous pericardium
made of dense irregular connective
prevent overstretching of heart
protection
anchors heart in the mediastinum
Layers of heart wall
epicardium - visceral layer of pericardium
myocardium - contractile muscle fiber - contract and relax
endocardium - inner wall epithelium
Heart markings
3 surface markings or grooves called sulci (coronary bl vessels and fat)
coronary sulcus - marks boundary between superior atria and inferior ventricles
anterior interventricular sulcus - right and left ventricles
posterior interventricular sulcus - between veintricles on posterior side of heart
internal anatomy right atrium
forms right border of heart recieves deoxygenated blood from 3 veins superior vena cana inferior vena cava coronary sinus - deoxygenated blood from heart surface
pectinate muslces are internal smooth muscular ridges on atrial wall
interatrial septum wall contains fossa ovalis
tricuspid valve or right atriventricular valve
heart internal anatomy right ventrucle
trabeulae carnae - specialized bundles of cardiac muscles from walls of ventricle, and attach to papillary muscles
Chordae tendinae - inferior part of walls cord like tendon secures heart walls from atrium and ventricle called
pulmonary valve and trunk
left ventricle
recieves oxygenated blood from lungs and drain blood into left ventricle
left ventricle forces open aortic valve blood then eneters aorta
thickets part of heart forms apex
contrains trabeculae carnae and chordae tendinae
Fibrous skeleton of the heart
function
prevent overstretching of valves
secure valves to heart wall
point of insertion for bundles of cardiac muscle fibers
provide electrical insulation beween atria and ventricles
Fibrous skeleton of the heart
function
prevent overstretching of valves
secure valves to heart wall
point of insertion for bundles of cardiac muscle fibers
provide electrical insulation beween atria and ventricles
Heart valves
right av valve - between right atrium and right ventricle function - prevent backflow of blood from ventricle to atrium
mitral valve - left atrium and ventricle
regulates blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle
pulmonary valve - right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
regulate blood flow from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk to supply blood to lungs
aorta - left ventricle and aorta, regulate blood to aorta
pulmonary and aorta called smilunar valves
Systemic and pulmonary circulation and purpose
veins - superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus -> right atrium (deoxygenated blood) -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries -> pulmonary capillaries blood loses carbon diox and gains oxy -> pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood) -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta and sytemic arteries
pulmonary circulation gas exchange
systemic circulation is supply oxygenated blood to sytemic organ
Circulation of blood
Systematic circulation - left ventricle pumps blood into aorta, branches into sytemic arteries
atrioles and capillaries
pulmonary circulation
pulmonary capillaries
pulmonary veins
Coronary arteries
Coronary arteries - ascending aorta
left
anterior interventricular artery - wall of both ventricles and interventricular septum
circumflex artery - wall of left atrium and ventricle
right marginal artery wall of right margin of heart poster interventricular artery left and right posterior ventricles
Left atrium
forms base of heart
pulmonary veins two from each lung
bicuspid valve (mitral)
left ventricicle
thicket part of heart form apex of heart
trabeculae carnae and chordae tendinae
blood passes from left ventricle into aorta
