Chapter 14 blood vessels

Question 1

Veins vs arteries

Answer 1

artery - group of blood vessel originate from heart transport blood away from heart to systemic organ largest artery is called aorta

deoxygenated blood venule becomes vein transports blood into superior and inferior vena cava

Question 2

Anatomy of blood vessels

Answer 2

Arteries - carries blood away from heart to other organs
arterioles - enter a tissue and small arteries
capillaries - cellular level are exchange vessels
venules - capillaries within tissue reunite to form venules
veins - venules merge to form larger blood vessels called veins

Question 3

Differences and similarities of veins and arteries

Answer 3

similarities - tunica interna - endothelium, basement membrane, tunica media - smooth muscle, tunica externa, lumen

arteries are thicker, has external elastic lamina, smooth muscles layer are thicker than vein

Question 4

tunics of blood vessels

Answer 4

endothelium - innermost lining, simple squamous epithelium
basement membrane - physical support base for epithelial layer, collagen fibers provide tensile strength, stretching and recoil
basal lamia - anchors endothelium to underlying connective tisuse
internal elsatic lamina - seperates seperates tunic intima from tunia media

Question 5

tunica media

Answer 5

smooth muscles adjust diameter of lumen wall to regulate blood flow and pressue
vasodialation and vasoconstriction
sympathetic nervous system innervates smooth muscle of blood vessel
external elastic lamina seperates t media from t externa

Question 6

tunica externa

Answer 6

tiny blood vessels supply tissue of vessel wall are called vsa vasorum or vessels to vessels
seen on large vessels such as aorta
t externa anchors vessels to surroundings

Question 7

arteries

Answer 7

largest arteries in body
high compliance walls stretch/expand easily
largest diameter among arterites 
t media is thicker/elastic fibers
elastic lamellae
pressure resivior

Question 8

types of arteries elastic/conducting

Answer 8

largest arteries in body
well defined internal and external elastic laminae with thick tunica media
elastic lamellae give wall yellow tint
propel blood onward while ventricles are relaxing
elastic fibers momentarily store mecanical energy of blood for pressure resivior

Question 9

example of elastic arteries

Answer 9

aorta and pulmonary trunk

brachiocephalic, subclavian, common carotid, common iliac arteries

Question 10

Muscular

Answer 10

medium sized blood vessels, more smooth muscle and few elastic fibers
greater vasoconstriction and vasodialiation to adjust blood flow
defined internal elastic lamina, but think external elastic lamina
reduced amount of elastic tissue in walls no ability to recoil and help propel blood through them
tunica media contains thick layers of smooth muscles 40 layers in large arteries
vascular tone (partial contraction of smooth muscles)

Question 11

example of muscular arteries

Answer 11

brachial, radial, femoral, axillary

Question 12

Aterioles

Answer 12

resistence vessels, blood flow from arteries into capillaries by regulating resistance
regulate blood flow into capillaries of bodys tissue
400 million artioles 15-30 um
think t interna with thin elastic lamina, tunica media 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
terminal end of ateriole - metareteriole
metareteriole - capillary junction, precapillary sphincter, monitors blood flow into capillary

Question 13

Capillaries

Answer 13

smallest blood vessels 5-10 diamter
extensive network
regulate blood flow from metarteriole through capillaries and into postcapillary venule
exchange vessels
found nearly every cell in body, brain, kidneys, liver
single layer of endothelium and basmement membrane but lacks t externa and t media

Question 14

Continuous capillaries and location

Answer 14

plasma membrane of endothelial cells form continuous tube, except interrupted by intercellular clefts

location
cns
skeletal and smooth
connective tissue
lungs
skin

Question 15

fenestrated capillaries and location

Answer 15

plasma membrane of endothelial cells have many fesnestrations
70-100nm in diamter

locations
kidney, villi of small intestine, choroid plexuses of ventricles, brain, cillary process of eyes, endocrine glands

Question 16

sinusoids and location

Answer 16

wider, more winding than other capillaries
endothelial cells have large fenestrations
incomplete or absent basement membrane
large intercellular clefts, allow protein and in some cases blood cells to pass from tisuse into blood stream

location
spleen, liver, ant pituitary gland, parathyroid, adrenal

Question 17

arteries vs veins

Answer 17

veins - carry blood from tissues of body back to heart
positioned closer beneath surface of skin
less muscular than arteries
veins contains valves that help keep blood flowing in right direction toward heart
collpase if blood flow stoos

arteries
carries blood from heart to tissues of body
deeper within body
muscular and helps transport blood full of oxygen efficiently to tissues
generally remain open if blood flow stopped due to thick muscular layer

Question 18

Fetal circulation

Answer 18

exchange of materials between fetal and meternal circulation occurs in placenta, forms inside mothers uterus and attaches to umbilical cord

umbilical cord contains blood vessels that branch into capilliries of placenta

waste from fetal blood diffuse out of capilliries into spaces containing materal blood in the placenta, and then into mothers uterine veins

Question 19

Fetal circulation what connective tisuse becomes what

Answer 19

dectus arteriosus - ligamentaum atreriosum
dectus venosus - ligamentum venosum
foramen ovale - fossa ovalis
umbilical arteries - medial umbilical ligaments
umbilical vein - round ligament of liver