Lung development Flashcards

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1
Q

The lungs are derived from 2 tissues?

A

Endoderm and mesoderm

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2
Q

Where does the respiratory diverticulum come from?

A

A ventral outgrowth of the foregut

Forms the trachea

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3
Q

What does the tip of the respiratory diverticulum undergo?

A

Branching morphogenesis

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4
Q

What forms around each lung bud?

A

A sac of mesoderm- medial edge= visceral pleura

outer edge= parietal pleura

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5
Q

What does nearby mesenchyme express? And what does it cause?

A

FGF10- induces expression of bud formation and bud extension of endothelial epithelial cells

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6
Q

What does high exposure to FGF10 cause?

A

The epithelial tip cells start to express secondary genes- Shh, BMP4, Sprouty2

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7
Q

What does high expression of BMP4 cause?

A

Inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation- limiting branch extension

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8
Q

What does Shh expression by the tip cells cause?

A

Inhibition of FGF10 expression in the mesenchyme nearest the tip- splits expression of FGF10

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9
Q

What does Sprouty limit?

A

The action of FGF10 so that branching is restricted to the tip of the branch

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10
Q

Which cells are produced in the terminal sac period?

A

Type 1 squamous cells

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11
Q

Which cells are produced in the alveolar period?

A

Type 2 cells- surfactant producing

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12
Q

What continues after birth?

A

Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli growth

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13
Q

How do we study such complex cell behaviours in 3D?

A
  1. In vivo approaches- investigate using conditional KOs
  2. Investigate in a 3D organ culture?- dissected embryonic mouse lung- (importance of lung mesenchyme)
  3. Look at tissues- using sophisticated microscopy
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14
Q

What can happen if a cell loses apico-basal polarity?

A

No longer recognises the need to be a epithelial cell and can leave the epithelium- cancer

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