Embryonic germ and stem cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are gonadal stem cells?

A

Specialised cells set aside in a undifferentiated state for the next generation

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2
Q

What is a ‘P. lineage cell’?

A

Specialised cells in the C.Elegans which contain p granules- bind to DNA and block transcription, block translation in the cytoplasm

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of all vertebrate germ cells in their earliest stages?

A
  1. No transcription
  2. No translation
  3. No differentiation
  4. They undergo meiosis
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4
Q

Where are PGCs formed?

A

Outside the embryo

Posterior end of extra-embryonic epiblast (at the junction with the hypoblast)

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5
Q

What are PGCs protected from?

A

Signals in the embryo that are specifying the axes and orchestrating differentiation

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6
Q

What does convergent extension in vertebrates cause?

A

The primitive gut to form-> PGCs migrate to the posterior part of the developing gut-> then migrate to the gonads

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7
Q

What do germ cells do in drosophila?

A

Passively ride the endoderm

Driven to the gonad with gonad precursor cells

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8
Q

Where do the germ cells attach in the ovaries of the drosophila?

A

The stromal cap

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9
Q

Where do the germ cells attach in the testes of the drosophila?

A

The hub cells

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10
Q

What is formed if PGCS fail to migrate?

A

Teratoma

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11
Q

What are ‘support cells’?

A

Cells in mice which travel with PGCs- maintain their stem cell phenotype- secrete stem cell factor SCF

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12
Q

What do PGCs follow in mice?

A

A fibronectin trail

Chemoattractant- Sdf-1

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13
Q

What are the epigenetic silencing mechanisms?

A

DNA methylation

Histone acetylation

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