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1. MSK > Lower Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hip joint actually called?

A

Acetabulo-femoral joint

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2
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

synovial - ball and socket

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3
Q

What is the the primary blood supply to the head of the femur?

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery

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4
Q

What is/could be damaged in femoral neck fractures?

A

Intracapsular retinacular arteries

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5
Q

What type of joint does the knee exhibit?

A

modified synovial joint

  • main movement is flexion/extension
  • slight rotation
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6
Q

What are the 3 articulations of the knee joint?

A

Medial tibiofemoral
Lateral tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral

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7
Q

What are the 3 extracapsular ligaments of the knee?

A

Patellar ligament
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

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8
Q

What are the 3 intra-articular ligaments of the knee?

A 
Anterior cruciate (ACL)
Posterior cruciate (PCL)
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9
Q

What is the role of the menisici ligaments?

A

crescent shaped fibrocartilage that surround and protect the condyles

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10
Q

The nerves for which region enter via the greater sciatic foramen?

A

the gluteal region

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11
Q

The nerves for which region enter via the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

perineum

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12
Q

What two ligaments join the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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13
Q

What is the role of the Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)?

A

largest in body

supplies posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles & most of the skin via tibial and common fibular braches

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14
Q

What is the role of the pudenual (S2,3,4) nerve?

A

Principal nerve to perineum

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15
Q

What is the role of the Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)?

A

Skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh

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16
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

A

ALL gluteal muscles bar gluteus maximus

17
Q

What nerve supplies the gluteus maximus?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

18
Q

What is a Trendelenberg Gait?

A

Reduced function of superior gluteal nerve function
Hip will drop on the contralateral side
Due to weak hip abduction by the gluteus medius

19
Q

What are the two portions of the Sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve- larger, medial

Common fibular - smaller, lateral

20
Q

What is compartmental syndrome?

A

Increased pressure caused by swelling of tissue or increase in fluid (bleeding) in an inclosed fascia

Affects functions of the muscles or nerves in the compartment

21
Q

How is compartmental syndrome treated?

A

Fasciotomy (esp in acute)

22
Q

Name the muscles that work to flex the thigh?

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Rectus femoris

23
Q

Name the muscles that work to extend the leg?

A

Rectus femoris (main)
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

24
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles that flex the thigh and extend the leg?

A

femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

25
Q

Name, laterly to medially, the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
LYmphatics

NAVY

26
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A 
Superior – Inguinal ligament
Medially – Lateral border of adductor longus 
Laterally – Medial border of sartorius
Floor – Iliopsoas and pectineus
Roof – Deep fascia (fascia lata)
27
Q

What muscles adduct the thigh?

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
28
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh?

A

obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

29
Q

What muscles extends the thigh and flexes the leg?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

30
Q

What nerve innervated the muscles that extend the thigh and flexes the leg?

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

31
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

32
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

33
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

34
Q

What does the popliteal fossa contain?

A

Lots of fat
Terminal small saphenous vein
Popliteal vessels
Tibial and common fibular nerves

35
Q

What is the Calcaneal Tendon?

A

Achilles tendon - strongest and thickest in the body

36
Q

What is the ankle jerk reflex?

A

normal result is plantarflexion

tests S1, S2 nerve roots

1. MSK (36 decks)

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