Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards
What is the hip joint actually called?
Acetabulo-femoral joint
What type of joint is the hip joint?
synovial - ball and socket
What is the the primary blood supply to the head of the femur?
Medial circumflex femoral artery
What is/could be damaged in femoral neck fractures?
Intracapsular retinacular arteries
What type of joint does the knee exhibit?
modified synovial joint
- main movement is flexion/extension
- slight rotation
What are the 3 articulations of the knee joint?
Medial tibiofemoral
Lateral tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral
What are the 3 extracapsular ligaments of the knee?
Patellar ligament
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
What are the 3 intra-articular ligaments of the knee?
Anterior cruciate (ACL) Posterior cruciate (PCL)
What is the role of the menisici ligaments?
crescent shaped fibrocartilage that surround and protect the condyles
The nerves for which region enter via the greater sciatic foramen?
the gluteal region
The nerves for which region enter via the lesser sciatic foramen?
perineum
What two ligaments join the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
What is the role of the Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)?
largest in body
supplies posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles & most of the skin via tibial and common fibular braches
What is the role of the pudenual (S2,3,4) nerve?
Principal nerve to perineum
What is the role of the Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)?
Skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh
What does the superior gluteal nerve supply?
ALL gluteal muscles bar gluteus maximus
What nerve supplies the gluteus maximus?
inferior gluteal nerve
What is a Trendelenberg Gait?
Reduced function of superior gluteal nerve function
Hip will drop on the contralateral side
Due to weak hip abduction by the gluteus medius
What are the two portions of the Sciatic nerve?
Tibial nerve- larger, medial
Common fibular - smaller, lateral
What is compartmental syndrome?
Increased pressure caused by swelling of tissue or increase in fluid (bleeding) in an inclosed fascia
Affects functions of the muscles or nerves in the compartment
How is compartmental syndrome treated?
Fasciotomy (esp in acute)
Name the muscles that work to flex the thigh?
Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Name the muscles that work to extend the leg?
Rectus femoris (main)
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Which nerve supplies the muscles that flex the thigh and extend the leg?
femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
Name, laterly to medially, the contents of the femoral triangle?
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
LYmphatics
NAVY
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Superior – Inguinal ligament Medially – Lateral border of adductor longus Laterally – Medial border of sartorius Floor – Iliopsoas and pectineus Roof – Deep fascia (fascia lata)
What muscles adduct the thigh?
Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis Obturator externus
What nerve innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh?
obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
What muscles extends the thigh and flexes the leg?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
What nerve innervated the muscles that extend the thigh and flexes the leg?
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve
What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
What does the popliteal fossa contain?
Lots of fat
Terminal small saphenous vein
Popliteal vessels
Tibial and common fibular nerves
What is the Calcaneal Tendon?
Achilles tendon - strongest and thickest in the body
What is the ankle jerk reflex?
normal result is plantarflexion
tests S1, S2 nerve roots
