Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1. MSK > General Fractures > Flashcards

General Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

When would a femoral shaft fracture occur?

A

due to falling on a flexed knee or rotational bending

bear in mind malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are femoral shaft fractures in children treated?

A

<2 yrs - suspect NAI - treat with Gallows traction and hip sica cast
2-6 yrs - thomas splint or hip sica cast
6-12 yrs - flexible intramedullary nails
>12 yrs - adult intramedullary nail is used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common tibial fracture in toddlers? How is it treated?

A

spiral fracture

short time in cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a humeral neck fracture often due to?

A

FOOSH

often in osteoporotic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can a humeral neck fracture result in?

A

avascular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the management options for a humeral neck fracture depending on the severity?

A

minimally displaced: sling
persistantly displaced: internal fixation - screws, nails, plates
comminuted: shoulder replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does an anterior shoulder dislocation often result in?

A

Blankart lesions

stretch of the axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Blankart lesion?

A

detachment of the anterior gelnoid labrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are anterior shoulder dislocations managed?

A

closed reduction under sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are posterior shoulder dislocations caused by?

A

force on the adducted and laterally rotated arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the sign on an AP xray commonly seen in posterior shoulder dislocations?

A

lightbulb sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are posterior shoulder dislocations managed?

A

closed reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can a sprain, subluxation or dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint be managed?

A

reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do humeral shaft fractures occur?

A

direct trauma

fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve is susceptible to injury in humeral shaft fractures? What sign does this cause?

A

radial nerve

wrist drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the management of humeral shaft fractures?

A

brace or interneral fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When would an olecranon fracture occur?

A

due to a fall onto a point inthe elbow with contraction of the triceps muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is an olecranon fracture managed?

A

open reduction and internal fixation - ORIF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do Nightstick fractures occur? Due to what?

A

Ulnar shaft

Direct blow

20
Q

How are radial and ulnar fractures managed?

A

ORIF

21
Q

What is a Monteggia fracture?

A

fracture of the ulnar and dislocation of the radial head at the elbow
therefore: XRAY the ELBOW TOO

22
Q

What is a Galeazzi fracture?

A

fracture of the radius with dislocation of the ulnar at the radio-ulnar joint
therefore: XRAY the WRIST TOO

23
Q

How are both Monteggia and Galeazzi fractures managed?

A

ORIF

24
Q

What is a Colles fracture?

A

extra articular fracture of the distal radius due to FOOSH

25
Q

What is a Smiths fracture?

A

volarly displaced fracture of the distal radius occuring after falling onto the back of flexed wrist

26
Q

What is a Barntons fracture?

A

intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint
can be volar or dorsal

27
Q

How are Colles, Smiths and Barnton fractures all managed?

A

depending on severity, some need ORIF

28
Q

What does a Scaphoid fracture present with?

A

tenderness in the anatomical snuff box after FOOSH

29
Q

How are Scaphoid fractures managed?

A

6 weeks plaster cast

30
Q

What are the 3 ways that the pelvis can fracture?

A
  1. lateral compression fracture due to side impact
  2. verticle shear force due to axial force on hemipelvis
  3. anteroposterior compression injury - pelvis opens up and fills with blood
31
Q

What are the risks of intracapsular hip fractures?

A

avascular necrosis - poor healing

32
Q

How are intracapsular hip fractures managed?

A

young - fix
old and fit - total hip replacement
old and frail - hip hemiarthroplasty (just replace femoral head)

33
Q

How are extracapsular hip fractures managed?

A

internal fixations using dynamic compression or a hip screw

higher union rate than intracapsular

34
Q

Why is a knee dislocation a surgical emergency?

A

increased incidence of vascular injury, nerve injury and compartment syndrome

35
Q

How are knee dislocations managed?

A

first - investigate neurlogical damage

then: reduction, external fixation and multilligament reconstruction

36
Q

How are patella dislocations managed?

A

temporary splintage and physiotherapy

37
Q

When do tibial plateau fractures occur?

A 
Young = high energy
Old = osteoporsis
38
Q

What are the ways that a tibial plateau fracture could occur?

A

intra articular fracture with either:
a split in the bone
a depression of the articular surface

or both

39
Q

When would a tibial shaft fracture occur?

A

due to indirect force and either bending or rotating

open fractures are common and can often lead to compartment syndrome

40
Q

What is the management of tibial shaft fractures?

A

above the knee cast

internal fixation

41
Q

How is a stable ankle fracture managed?

A

walking splint - 6 weeks

42
Q

How is an unstable ankle fracture managed?

A

ORIF

43
Q

What is a Lisfranc fracture?

A

Midfoot fracture - at the base of the 2nd metatarsal alongside a dislocation of the base of the 2nd metatarsal

44
Q

How are Lisfranc fractures diagnosed?

A

CT scan

missed on Xrays

45
Q

How do Lisfranc fractures present?

A

swollen foot

cannot weight bear

46
Q

How are Lisfranc fractures treated?

A

open or closed reduction

fixation with screws

1. MSK (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions