Bone tumours

Question 1

What is an osteochondroma? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 1

BENIGN - 1% risk of malignancy

boney outgrowth causing local pain

Question 2

What is an enchondroma? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 2

BENIGN
intramedullary tumour caused by failure of enchondral ossification at the growth plate
appears as a lucent lesion that often causes fractures

Question 3

What is a simple bone cyst? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 3

single cavity fluid filled cyst in bone

normally asymptomatic

Question 4

What is an aneurysmal bone cyst? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 4

BENIGN
very painful as the lesion causes cortical expansion
lots of chambers filled with blood or serum that can be seen on xray

Question 5

What is a giant cell tumour? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 5

BENIGN - 5% metastasise
soap bubble appearance on Xray
very aggressive

Question 6

What is fibrous dysplasia? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 6

BENIGN
presents as angular deformities - due to genetic mutations in adolesence resulting in lesions of fibrous tissue and immature bone
Biphosphates may reduce pain

Question 7

What is an osteoid osteoma? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 7

BENIGN
immature bone surrounded by a sclerotic halo
presents with intense constant pain in adolescence that is worse at night
pain is relieved by NSAIDs

Question 8

What is an osteosarcoma? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 8

MALIGNANT
seen in children - normally around the knee
most common
can metastesise through blood and lymph
treated with chemo

Question 9

What is a chondrosarcoma? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 9

MALIGNANT
cartilage producing
very slow growing and less aggressive than osteosarcoma

Question 10

What is a fibrosarcoma? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 10

MALIGNANT

occurs in abnormal bone in adolesence

Question 11

What is a Ewings sarcoma? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 11

MALIGNANT
tumour of the primitive cells of marrow
presents with fever, increased inflammatory markers, warm swelling
poorest prognosis - treated with radio and chemo

Question 12

What is a lymphoma? Is is benign or malignant?

Answer 12

MALIGNANT
tumour of the round cells of the lymphocytic system
trerated with chemo and radio

Question 13

What is a primary lymphoma called? Where is it from?

Answer 13

Non hodgkins lymphoma

from bone marrow

Question 14

What is a secondary lymphoma called?

Answer 14

lymphoma

Question 15

What is a myeloma? Is it benign or malignant?

Answer 15

MALIGNANT
malignant B cell proliferation arising from the marrow that arises as a lesion
patients aged 45-65
weakness, back pain, fatigue, weight loss, anaemia
treated with radiotherapy

Question 16

What is the term for when myelomas happen throughout the skeleton?

Answer 16

multiple myeloma - treated with chemo

Question 17

How is myelomas diagnoses?

Answer 17

plasma protein electrophoresis and skeletal xray

Question 18

Describe a giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath?

Answer 18

can erode the bone if large enough
pigmented lesions containing multinucleated giant cells and haemosiderin
if occurs at a joint = known as pigmented villonodular synovitis

Question 19

What is a ganglion?

Answer 19

outpouching of the joint capsule/tendon sheath

occurs around synovial joints or tendon sheaths

Question 20

What is bursitits?

Answer 20

fluid filled sac lined by synovium that gets inflammed due to repeated pressure or trauma