Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards
What is the heaviest bone in the body?
Femur
Kicking someone on the medial side of the knee produces what sort of force?
Varus
What do we call the space between the malleoli of the distal tibia and fibula?
Mortice
What are the 3 muscles of the hamstrings?
Semitendinosis, semimembranosis, biceps femoris
Tibial tuberosity
Extensor hallucis longus
Medial condyle of femur
Iliofemural ligament
What is the senosry distribution of the femoral nerve and its branches?
Anteromedial thigh and medial knee, leg and ankle
Where does the femoral nerve divide into its terminal branches?
1 inch below the inguinal ligament
Femoral nerve
Femoral nerve
Tibial nerve
Popliteus
Ischial spine
In compartment syndrome, how long until muscle will be damaged?
6-8 hours
What is the course of the great saphenous vein?
Passes anterior to medial malleolus
Up medial medial leg
Posterior to medial epicondyle at knee
Up medial thigh
Joins femoral vein just below inguinal ligament
PCL
Attachment of ACL
Wuthin which structure does the lumbar plexus form?
Psoas major muscle
Tibial nerve
What are the 4 layers of the plantar aponeurosis?
Short intrinsic muscles
Long tendons
Short muscles
Interossei muscles
Which muscles does the achilles tendon come from?
Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris
Gastrocnemius
Obturator nerve
Patellar ligament
Which part of the pelvis bears weight when sitting down?
Ischial tuberosity
Which muscles prevent pelvic drop during the swing phase of gait?
Gluteus medius and minimus
Where does the centre of gravity pass with reference to the hip?
Behind
What attaches to the soleal line of the tibia?
Soleus muscle
What is the proper name for the ankle joint?
Talocrural joint
Common fibular (peroneal) nerve from sciatic nerve
Patellar ligament
What does the linea aspera split into at its distal end?
Medial and lateral suprcondylar lines
Flexor digitorum longus
Superior fibular retinaculum
Brachii profunda artery
Where does the sciatic nerve classically divide into its terminal branches?
2/3 of the way down the thigh at the apex of the popliteal fossa
What separates the anterior compartment from the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Interosseus membrane
Which artery does the peroneal artery come from?
Posterior tibial artery
Which ligament resists varus forces on the knee?
Lateral collateral ligament
Greater trochanter
Flexor retinaculum
Vastus medialis
Which spinal nerve(s) does the obturator nerve come from?
L2,3,4
Anterior superior iliac spine
Extensor hallucis longus
Tibial tuberosity
What is the oblique line on the back of the tibia?
Soleal line
Intertrochanteric crest
Tibialis anterior
What are the 5 Ps of compartment syndrome?
Pain, pulseless, pale, paraesthesia and paralysis
Which 3 ligaments reinforce the hip joint?
Iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral
In which position is the ankle less stable?
Plantarflexed
Tibialis posterior
Greater trochanter
What is the acronym for remembering the contents of the flexor retinaculum?
Tom, Dick and very naught Harry
Soleal line
When does the anterior tibial artery become the dorsalis pedis artery?
After it passess through extensor retinaculum
Where does the tibial nerve pass through the ankle?
Behind the medial malleolus
Flexor hallucis longus
Which muscles does the deep fibular nerve supply?
Anterior compartment of leg and extensor digitorum brevis
Iliac crest
Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve from sciatic nerve
In what direction does the head of femur face?
Up, medial and forwards
Where does the soleus muscle take its origin from?
Soleal line
What are the predominant movements of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Extend the knee and flex the hip
What shape is the tibial shaft in cross section?
Triangular
Which muscle unlocks the knee from extension?
Popliteus
Tibial collateral ligament
Medial plantar nerve
Iliac tuberosity
Which muscles flex the hip?
Psoas major and iliacus
Why do pregnant or obese people sometimes have pins and needles in their lateral thigh?
Compression of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh as it passes under inguinal ligament next to ASIS
Nerve?
Superficial fibular nerve
Nerve?
Deep fibular nerve
Which muscles does the tibial nerve supply?
Muscles of posterior leg and sole of foot
Which nerve is the nerve of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
Through what does the sciatic nerve pass to exit the pelvis?
Greater sciatic foramen
When is the knee most secure?
In extension
Which muscles externally rotate the thigh?
Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris People Often Go Quietly
Tibialis posterior
Tendon of biceps femoris
These are branches of which nerve?
Sural nerve
Which joint gives inversion and eversion of the ankle?
Subtalar joint
Tibial collateral ligament
Greater trochanter
What are the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus
Is this left or right knee?
Right
Which muscle is key to the neurovascular bundle of the gluteal region?
Piriformis
Sural nerve
Common fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve
Flexor digitorum longus
Which muscle does the achilles tendon belong to?
Soleus
Which bone is this?
Tibia
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
Patella
Tibial nerve
What demarcates the gluteal region from the thigh on the posterior aspect?
Gluteal fold
Anterior cruciate ligament
Iliohypogastric nerve
Medial sural cutaneous nerve from sciatic nerve
Fibularis longus
PCL
Medial meniscus
What is the sensory distribution of the tibial nerve?
Posterior leg and sole of foot
What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the common fibular nerve?
Upper lateral leg via the sural cutaneous nerve
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Lunate surface of acetabulum
Common fibular nerve
Which nerve travels between the deep and superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
Which bone is the red one?
Pubis
Tibialis anterior
(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)
Tib ant
EHL
Ant tib artery
Deep peroneal nerve
EDL
Fibularis tertius
Pes anserinus
Medial condyle of femur
Which of the femural condyles is longer?
Medial