Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria express LPS?

A

Gram negative

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2
Q

What is the PRR for LPS?

A

TLR4

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3
Q

Where do naive B cells reside in the lymph nodes?

A

Cortex

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4
Q

Where do naive T cells reside in the lymph nodes?

A

Paracortex

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5
Q

Through what do naive lymphocytes enter the lymph nodes?

A

High endothelial venules

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6
Q

What is IgM specialised for?

A

First responder. Activates classical pathway of complement cascade.

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7
Q

What is IgA specialised for?

A

present in mucosa. Neutralises

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8
Q

What is IgD specialised for?

A

rarest. Expressed on B cells

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9
Q

What is IgG specialised for?

A

Most common. Neutralises and opsonises. Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); flag for NK cells

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10
Q

What is IgE specialised for?

A

Elevated in parasitic infections and allergy. Degranulation.

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11
Q

CD4+ T cells are also known as what type of T cell?

A

Helper T cells

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12
Q

CD8+ T cells are also known as what type of T cell?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

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13
Q

How long after entering tissue until neutrophils die?

A

Within hours

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14
Q

Define Type II hypersensitivity

A

IgM and IgG are generated against host antigens on cell surface or ECM. Igs then initiate complement or disrupt normal funciton.

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15
Q

Define Type III hypersensitivity

A

IgM and IgG are generated and form immune complexes that can’t be cleared and thus lodge in capillaries or glomeruli

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16
Q

How are immune complexes usually removed?

A

By resident macrophages in the spleen

17
Q

Define allo graft

A

Transfer organs between different members of the same species

18
Q

Which cells are responsible for the tissue graft rejection response?

A

T cells

19
Q

In transplantation, what will cause rejection of a tissue within minutes to hours?

A

Preformed anti-donor antibodies and complement

20
Q

In transplantation, what will cause rejection of a tissue within days to weeks?

A

Primary activation of T cells

21
Q

What are the 3 classes of drug used in tissue transplantation?

A

Anti-inflammatories (GCS) Calcineurin inhibitors (eg cyclosporin, tacrolimus) Anti-proliferative (azathioprine)

22
Q

What is the most commonly transplanted organ in Australia?

A

Kidney

23
Q

Which prostaglandin is the biggest contributor to inflammation?

A

PGE2