London Case Study Flashcards
London is a global city
It is the capital city of the UK and is essential for the UKS economy . Over 20 percent of the income comes from london.
It is the centre of the UKs transport systems
It has a major influence over surrounding areas as companies are attracted to the region which increases jobs and wealth .
It is globally important as well. It is a world city and along with New york one of the most important financial centres in the world
Londons structure
CBD-main land use is commercial. It is a mix of high rise office blocks and historical buildings. Land is expensive and building density is high so there is little green space
Inner city- main land use is low class residential. High density , old terraced housing and modern apartments . Poor environmental quality (Newham)
Chelsea -80 percent of houses were built before 1919. Lots of terraced houses which have gardens therefore it has lots of green space.
Suburbs- middle class residential. Good quality semi detached housing along with shops and restraunts , most houses have gardens
Rural urban fringe Crockenhill is high class residential with large detatched houses with lots of greenspace. Thurrock main land use is for industry and commerce . It has lots of oil refineries and container ports
Migration in london
International migration- 100,000 people came to london in search of jobs
National migration- mostly young adults who move to london for work or education
International population growth-young population meaning there are more births than death
Migration influencing different factors
Age structure-high percentage of people aged 25-34 in inner city. Most immigrants are working age
Ethnicity- very diverse city . 52 percent of people are in newham are foreign
Population-high immigration rates increase population . Many of the immigrants are pregnant
Housing-high rates of immigration is leading to overcrowding causing many to live in low quality flats
Services- an increased demand for services such as education and healthcare
Inequality
Employment - there are few manafacturing jobs in city . These new industries are located on the outskirts so it is hard to find jobs . The average income for a person in newham is 35,000 while in chelsea it is 130,000
Health-unhealthy lifestyles are more common in deprived areas where healthcare is lacking . Many areas have a life expectancy that is 5 years lower than the national average
Education-Wealthy parents can get their kids into fee paying schools however poorer parents will not be able to do this meaning that many areas will have a lack of education and a limited range of opportunities due to the lack of funding
Services-funding services in deprived areas is much harder as the councils get less money from taxes and businesses
Decline of the inner city and CBG
Deindustrialisation and unemployment in the 20th century led to many families moving to the suburbs were jobs are available.
Decentralisation occurs when shops and businesses move out of the CBD to the suburbs causing people to follow them causing places to become depopulated.
Economic growth
Investment-growth of business is reviving the CBD . The city of london has become a global centre for banking making more companies invest. TNCS will locate their headquarters in london because of it’s financial influence , this in turn will attract further investment.
Gentrification-wealthier people move into poorer areas and regenerate the area by improving housing .
Studentification-high student populations lead to thriving services and entertainment venues generating jobs for the area
Urban sprawl-growth has occurred on the rural urban fringe . Large shopping centres move there because the land is cheaper . This has caused an availability for jobs
London docks regenerated
Pros
Transport links were improved allowing more passengers to be transported.
Introduction of more green space increasing quality of life
Businesses have been attracted back
Population has increased allowing for local shops and services to thrive
London dock regeneration
Cons
Many of the previous population was forced out . Many of them were unskilled would not be able to find work
Some traditional businesses were closed and replaced with services for wealthier newcomers
Existing communities were destroyed causing many to move out
Sustainability improvements
Employment -skill programmes are being introduced to provide more people with the skills to go out and find jobs reducing poverty.
Recycling- means fewer resources are used and less energy is spent. However only 33 percent of rubbish is recycled which is the lowest level in England
Green space-have environmental benefits and make cities more pleasing to live in. London is 40 percent green space
Transport-congestion charges will reduce emissions as less people will drive in
Self service bikes will encourage cycling and discourage driving
Electric buses are helping reduce emissions
Housing-Bedzed is developing large scale communities in south london . These houses are designed to conserve energy costs and water supply. They are made from locally sourced materials
Interdependence in london
Labour-many people commute to london from rural areas to work
Goods-london relies on rural areas to provide food and rural people travel to london for goods and services
Services-has excellent healthcare and education and people travel from rural areas to use them whilst Londoners travel to rural areas for leisure activities
Benefits of interdependence
Some rural businesses have seen an increase as newer residents move in with higher disposable incomes
Some farmers make lots of money from selling land
There is less housing pressure on london as rural areas provide space
Costs
Commuter settlements mean that there is no one during the day meaning businesses in rural areas during day time will suffer
Commuters will drive to london increasing emissions
Interdependecne changing
Changing in rural areas as more people are moving there for a better quality of life. This puts pressure on housing .
In Sevenoaks district the house prices have risen 250 percent since 1995
Challenges for rural areas
Employment-Increased use of technologies reduces the need for laborers
Housing-usually much higher than UK average which provides challenges for new buyers
Healthcare-older population requires a better healthcare system
Education-Schools in rural areas close as there are not enough pupils meaning young people have to travel further for education
