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Certified Revision > Loire > Flashcards

Loire Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major white grapes of the Loire Valley?

A

Chenin blanc, Sauvignon blanc, Melon

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2
Q

What are the minor white grapes of the Loire Valley?

A

Chardonnay, Orbois, Romoratin, Gros plant, Chasselas

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3
Q

What are the major red grapes of the Loire Valley?

A

Cabernet Franc, Gamay, Pinot Noir, Malbec

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4
Q

What are the minor red grapes of the Loire Valley?

A

Cabernet, Pineau d’Aunis, Grolleau

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5
Q

Which major Loire Valley grapes have special regional names?

A

Chenin = Pineau de Loire
Malbec = Côt

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6
Q

Where is the Loire Valley located?

A

Around 47 degrees North, between Chablis & Côte des nuits
in West-central France

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7
Q

What are the major bodies of water in each of the Loire’s major subregions?

A

Nantais: Atlantic Ocean, Lac de Grandlieu, Loire, Sevre-et-Maine
Anjou-Saumur: Loire, Layon, Thouet
Tourraine: Loire, Loir, Indre, Cher
Central Vineyards: Loire, Cher

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8
Q

What are the major cities in each of the Loire’s major subregions?

A

Nantais: Nantes, Ambois
Anjou-Saumur: Anger, Saumur
Tourraine: Tours
Central Vineyards: Pouilly-Sur-Loire

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9
Q

Why is the Loire Valley a Unesco world heritage site?

A

Because it’s dotted with Castles

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10
Q

What are the climates of each of the major Loire subregions?

A

Pays Nantais: Maritime
Anjou-Saumur: Maritime with continental influence
Tourraine: Continental with maritime influence
Central Vineyards: True continental

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11
Q

What are the soils of each major Loire Subregion?

A

Pay Nantais: silica, granite, clay, gneiss
Anjou-Saumur: Tuffeau, blue schist, schist, sandstone, iron-rich limestone
Tourraine: Tuffeau (limestone), Varennes (alluvial sand), clay
Central Vineyards: Kimmeridgian Clay (terre blanches), fossils (caillottes), flint (silex)

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12
Q

Briefly sketch out the Loire Valley’s wine history

A

First vines planted by Romans 2000 years ago
11th century - wines exported to England from Nantes
1154 - Henry II Plantagenet expanded anjou vineyards and declared that only Anjou wines could be served at court
1534 - Evidence of Cab Franc plantings recorded by Francois Rabelais
1709-Winter Freeze devastated the vineyards
1789-1799 - French Revolution decimates vineyards
1875 - Phylloxera arrives in Loire
1936 - Quincy becomes second AOC

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13
Q

What kinds of wine is the Loire most known for, since they produce tons of them?

What else do they make?

A

High-acid whites (1) & Bubbles (2nd only to Champagne)

Everything else, dry to sweet reds, rosés, dessert wine, fortified wines, etc.

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14
Q

What is the Loire’s relationship with oak?

A

Due to lack of funds, Loire never became an oak-region and instead focused on varietal purity.

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15
Q

Why is the Loire known for high acid whites?

A

Cool climate & limestone soils

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16
Q

How do red wines tend to express themselves in the Loire?

A

Medium bodied & perfumed.

17
Q

How does Sauv Blanc tend to express itself in the Loire?

A

Grassy & mineral-driven, with more hints of thiols (peach, pineapple) due to rising temperatures.

18
Q

How does Chenin express iteslf in the Loire?

A

Any style, always with high acid, notes of bruised apple, lanolin, & chamomile.

19
Q

What rules govern Crémant de Loire?

A

Can be white or rosé,
Must spend at least 9mo on the lees & 12mo total
Can be any variety except Melon

20
Q

What rules govern Rosé de Loire?

A

Must be dry
Can be from any red variety

21
Q

Which grapes & wine styles are allowed in Sancerre vs Pouilly-Fumé?

A

Both produce white Sauv Blanc, but only Sancerre allows rosé & reds based on Pinot Noir.

22
Q

Who is the star producer of Pouilly Fumé?

A

Denis Dagueneau

23
Q

Where would you find Orléans & Orléans-Clery? What kinds of wines would you find there?

A

Orléans: Chardonnay & Meunier
Orléans-Clery: Cab franc reds

24
Q

What rules govern the Chinon AOP?

A

Dry whites from Chenin
Dry reds & rosé from Cab Franc

25
Q

What rules govern Bourgueil? Which neighboring appellation shares these rules?

A

Dry reds & rosés from Cab Franc
St Nicholas de Bourgueil

26
Q

What rules govern Vouvray? Which neighboring appellation shares these rules?

A

Dry to sweet, still to sparkling Chenin Blanc whites

27
Q

What rules govern Touraine?

A

Includes 5 villages
Whites based on Sauvignon Blanc unless village designated
Rosés based on any variety
Reds vary by village but are generally Côt or Gamay.

28
Q

Which soils dominate the different regions of Anjou-Saumur?

A

Savenniéres: volcanic & blue schist
Coteaux de Layon: sandstone & schist
Saumur: tuffeau (limestone)
Saumur-Champigny: iron-rich tuffeau

29
Q

What rules govern the Anjou AOP?

A

It’s the umbrella region & allows pretty much everything.
All styles of white, rosé, red, sparkling, dessert

30
Q

What rules govern Anjou Villages? What neighboring region shares these rules?

A

Only dry reds from cab & cab franc. Brissac!

31
Q

What rules govern Savennières? What are its subregions?

A

Dry to sweet whites from Chenin.
Coulée de Serrant
Roche au Moines

32
Q

Who is famous in a subregion of Savennières for biodynamic wines? What subregion?

A

Nicholas Joly

32
Q

What rules govern Quarts-de-Chaumes? What neighboring subregion shares those rules?

A

Rich, sweet, botrytized chenin. Bonnezeaux.

33
Q

What rules govern Coteaux-de-Layon? What neighboring subregion shares those rules?

A

Medium sweet to sweet whites from Chenin. Can be botrytized.

34
Q

What rules govern Saumur, & how do they differ from Saumur-Champigny?

A

Saumur is dry whites from Chenin, dry reds & rosés from Cab Franc, sparkling from any variety. Saumur-Champigny is dry reds & rosés from Cab Franc only.

35
Q

What are the limits for a Muscadet to be labeled sur lie?

A

Must be bottled off the lies between March 1st & Nov 31st the year after harvest.

36
Q

What are the 3 subregions of Muscadet?

A

Sevre-et-Maine
Cotes de Grandlieu
Coteaux de la Loire

37
Q

What are the 2 subregions of Musadet Sevre-et-Maine?

A

Clisson
La Pallet
Gorges

38
Q

What are the major soils of the Pays Nantais?

A

Silica, Clay, Granite, Gneiss

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