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Certified Revision > Burgundy > Flashcards

Burgundy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major & minor red grapes of burgundy?

A

Major: Pinot noir, gamay
Minor: césar, tressot, saci (all virtually extinct)

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2
Q

What are the major & minor white grapes of burgundy?

A

Major: chardonnay, aligoté
Minor: pinot blanc, pinot gris, sauv blanc

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3
Q

What is a burgundian synonym for pinot gris? For chardonnay?

A

Beurot & Beaunois

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4
Q

What styles of wine are made in Burgundy?

A

Dry red, white, rosé
Dry to semi dry sparkling white & rosé
Dry sparkling red
Very rarely late-harvest wines from Macon, but not AOC

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5
Q

Where is Burgundy Located?

A

In the central eastern portion of the country

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6
Q

What is Burgundy’s most important geographical feature?

A

The Saône river, a Rhône tributary

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7
Q

What are the main regions of Burgundy?

A

Chablis, Cote d’Or, Cote Chalonnais, Macon, Beaujolais

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8
Q

What 2 cities does the Cote d’Or stretch between? How long is the stretch?

A

Dijon & Maranges, 60 km stretch

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9
Q

Where are grapes planted in Cote d’Or & why?

A

Along the SE facing limestone escarpment that stretches from Dijon to Maranges, in the middle of the slopes where they’re protected by the elements as well as from flooding.

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10
Q

What is Burgundy’s general climate?

A

Continental
warm, dry summers
cold, dry winters
rain & risk of frost in spring & autumn

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11
Q

What is the general soil composition in Burgundy?

A

Clay, marl, & limestone.

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12
Q

What general soil type does Chardonnay thrive in? Where in Burgundy is it most abundant?

A

Limestone, chablis.

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13
Q

How long has wine been made in Burgundy? When did it all start?

A

More than 2000 years
first century roman conquest of gaul

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14
Q

What were the Valois Dukes’ contributions to burgundy wine culture?

A

Phillip the Bold ordered Gamay vines ripped out & replaced with Pinot noir in 1395. After, Phillip the Good promoted hillside viticulture.

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15
Q

What happened to viticulture in Burgundy after the collapse of the Roman Empire? When was this?

A

fifth century rome collapse & viticulture embraced by germanic barbarian tribsemen, the first burgundians

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16
Q

What happened to viticulture in Burgundy during the dark ages? When exactly are we talking? Who ruled Burgundy semi-autonomysly until its annexation into greater France? When was all this?

A

The Dark Ages gave rise to the prominence of the Catholic Church, especially the benedictine order in Cluny, & an explosion of wine production in burgundy in 10th & 11th century

12th century cistercians (benedictine offshoot) continued viticultural tradition & purchased more vineyard land

Meanwhile the Valois dukes ruled from 1363 to 1477 until it was Annexed into greater France

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17
Q

What happened to viticulture in Burgundy during the French Revolution

A

1790s French revolution saw mass seizures of vineyard land to the state, followed by auctions - this resulted in way more private ownership of vineyards in Burgundy than previously

18
Q

When did Napoleon issue his code of inheritance? What were its effects?

A

1804, resulted in land inherited equally among all male heirs, resulted in very fractured vineyard ownership in Burgundy, which helped give rise to negociants when small owners didn’t grow enough grapes to make it worth producing their own wine.

19
Q

Was the Napoleonic code the only factor in the rise of Burgundy’s Negociants?

A

No, the fact that many vine owners were bourgoise & had other careers, & didn’t have time to farm or make wine, also played a large roll.

20
Q

What was the option of bourgoise burgundian vine owners who didn’t want to sell to negociants or farm themselves?

A

They could use métayage (sharecropping), or fermage (leasing) to farmers instead of using negociants

21
Q

When did domaine bottling become popular in Burgundy? What did this do to negociants?

A

1920; it created more consumer choice & competition

22
Q

Who first classified the vineyards of Burgundy? When? Why?

A

Dr. Jules Lavalle in 1855, in order to produce a burgundian soil guide for the universal exhibition!

23
Q

Are negociants and domaines mutually exclusive in Burgundy today?

A

No, many producers have significant holdings and bottle both Domaine & negociant sourced wine.

24
Q

What is Burgundy’s general relationship with oak & aging?

A

Wines are traditionally aged in Barriques; Reds see more oak, whites tend to see less new oak & larger barrels.

Regional reds see on average up to 20% new oak
Village level reds between 20 & 30%
1er cru reds see between 30 & 50%
Grand cru reds between 50 & 100%

Top whites tend to age 12-15 months
Top reds tend to age 15-18 months

25
Q

What is Burgundy’s general relationship with malolactic conversion?

A

All reds, and most whites, go through malolactic conversion.

26
Q

What is the primary consideration for Burgundy vinterns when deciding whether to completely destem or include whole clusters?

A

How much tannin they want in the finished wine, which will be minimized by complete destemming, and increased with more whole clusters

27
Q

What is Burgundy’s general relationship with Battonage?

A

Common in top quality whites

28
Q

What is Burgundy’s unique quality hierarchy from the bottom up? What is the production % of each category?

A

Regional AOC 50%, Village AOC 37%, Village AOC with a special premier cru designation 11%, and Grand cru AOCs 2%.

29
Q

What’s the deal with the Hotel Dieu?

A

It started as a charitable project of Valois noble Nicolas Rolin in 1443 as a free hospital for the less-fortunate. It over time acquired many donated vineyards, making the Dmn de Hospices de Beaune one of Burgundy’s largest vineyard owners today. Today the HdB wine auction’s held the Sunday after Beajolais Nouveau day, & its proceeds still benefit the poor & sick.

30
Q

The Cote d’Or is a long, thin, continuous limestone escarpment. What is the topography of the Cote Chalonnaise & the Maconnais, & Beaujolais?

A

Cote Chalonnaise is a series of noncontiguous rolling hills, which slowly transition through the Maconnais into steep, jagged limestone outcroppings, especially the Rock of Solutré, which transitions into choppy low (less than 1k ft) granite mountains, monts du beaujolais, opening up into a fertile southern valley

31
Q

What is sélection massale? To what grape & location is it most relevent?

A

Field selection, in reference to eschewing clonal selection of pinot noir in burgundy, creating more diversity in the vineyard & more complexity in the finished wine.

32
Q

What is Chardonnay a natural cross of? From where did it get its name?

A

Pinot & Gouis Blanc, from the commune of Chardonnay in the Maconnais.

33
Q

What rules govern the Bourgogne & Coteaux Bourguignons AOP?

A

Both cover same general area, but Bourgogne AOP will be based on Chardonnay & Pinot Noir. Gamay is specifically not allowed unless varietally labeled (typically coming from beaujolais).

Coteaux Bourguignons allows for red, white, & rosé blends that can include gamay .

34
Q

What rules govern Coteaux Bourguignons AOP?

A

red blends including gamay, inexpensive blended whites & rosés, covering same general area as Bourgogne AOP

35
Q

What is allowed to be appended to Bourgogne AOP wines?

A

4 official lieu dits:
La Chapelle Notre Dame
Le Chapitre
Côte-St.-Jacques
Montrecul

Several Geographic Designations such as
-Haute Côtes, Côte Chalonnais, Chitry, Epineuil (both in Yonne)

36
Q

What rules govern the Côte de Nuits Village AOP?

A

Can be red or white, but is mostly red
Sourced from north (fixin, brochon) & south (prissin, corgoloin, comblanchien)

37
Q

What rules govern the Côte de Beaune Village AOP?

A

Reds only
Sourced from anywhere except Aloxe-Corton, Volnay, Pommard, or Beaune.

38
Q

From N to S, list the Beaujolais Crus

A

St. Amour
Juliénas
Chénas
Moulin-A-Vent
Fleurie
Chiroubles
Morgon
Régnié
Côte de Brouilly
Brouilly

39
Q

What river runs N to S through Beaujolais?

A

the Saône

40
Q

What 2 towns are important to Beaujolais?

A

Beaujeu in the NW & Villefrance-sur-saône in the SE

41
Q
A

Certified Revision (26 decks)

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