Loftus And Palmers

Question 1

What was the aim of experiment 1?

Answer 1

To investigate how leading questions given after an event, influences a witnesses memory for that event

Question 2

What was the participants description and how were they recruited in experiment 1?

Answer 2

45 students, male and female from the university of Washington.

Question 3

Describe the procedure for experiment 1?

Answer 3

Participants shown the 7 film clips of a 5-30 second duration. Participants shown in different orders, then given questionnaires to fill out, which contained a critical question with a specific verb.

Question 4

How many film clips were shown in experiment 1?

Answer 4

7

Question 5

What was the duration of the clips in experiment 1?

Answer 5

5-30 seconds

Question 6

What was the critical question asked in questionnaire in experiment 1 ?

Answer 6

how fast were the cars going when they … each other

Question 7

What some of the verbs used in the conditions in experiment 1?

Answer 7

smashed, collided and bumped each other

Question 8

What is the IV and DV of this experiment 1?

Answer 8

Iv- Verb

Dv- speed rated in mph

Question 9

What is the Experimental design for experiment 1 & 2?

Answer 9

Independant measures

Question 10

what is the research method for experiment 1 & 2?

Answer 10

Lab

Question 11

what speed was the smashed condition rated?

Answer 11

40.8mph

Question 12

What speed was the contacted condition rated?

Answer 12

31.3mph

Question 13

What conclusion was made from experiment 1?

Answer 13

Memories could have altered by the verb, which may have effected memory

Question 14

What was the overall conclusion from experiment 1?

Answer 14

Leading Questions effect memory

Question 15

what was the aim of experiment 2?

Answer 15

To investigate if the effects of leading questions actually distort, alter and change memory of an event

Question 16

What was the participants description and how were they recruited in experiment 2?

Answer 16

150 male and female students from the university of Washington

Question 17

describe the procedure for experiment 2

Answer 17

ps watched a 1 minute video of 4 second traffic accidents then asked questions about it including the critical questions of “how fast were the cars going when they (smashed,hit or none ) each other”
ps went home for a week , didn’t watch again. Then asked if they saw any glass yes/no.

Question 18

Was there any glass in accidents in real life?

Answer 18

no.

Question 19

How long were the clips all together?

Answer 19

1 minute

Question 20

How long was each individual clip?

Answer 20

4 seconds

Question 21

what were the independent variables?

Answer 21

the verb, (smashed hit or none)

Question 22

what were the dependent variables?

Answer 22

if the ps saw glass yes/no

Question 23

How many people said they saw broken glass in the smashed condition?

Answer 23

16

Question 24

How many people said they saw broken glass in the hit condition?

Answer 24

7

Question 25

How many people said they saw broken glass in the control condition?

Answer 25

6

Question 26

What conclusions can be drawn from experiment 2?

Answer 26

Leading questions can actually alter the actual memory of an event. Therefore memory can be reconstructed.

Question 27

What are the overall conclusions from experiment 2 ?

Answer 27

2 lots of info cant alter memory:
Info taken at the time
info received after the event

Question 28

Why could this experiment be considered to be low in ecological validity?

Answer 28

As accidents were recorded, so things that affect perception such as emotions, would have not been there to affect their memeory.

Question 29

How could this experiment could be considered valid?

Answer 29

No demand characteristics as participants didn’t know about leading questions. Also no response bias as there is no neutral answer.

Question 30

What type of data was collected?

Answer 30

Quantitative- participants were asked to rate in numbers (how fast the cars were going in mph)
Also it was recorded the number of people that said they saw glass and those who didn’t. which is numerical data.