Loftus And Palmers Flashcards
What was the aim of experiment 1?
To investigate how leading questions given after an event, influences a witnesses memory for that event
What was the participants description and how were they recruited in experiment 1?
45 students, male and female from the university of Washington.
Describe the procedure for experiment 1?
Participants shown the 7 film clips of a 5-30 second duration. Participants shown in different orders, then given questionnaires to fill out, which contained a critical question with a specific verb.
How many film clips were shown in experiment 1?
7
What was the duration of the clips in experiment 1?
5-30 seconds
What was the critical question asked in questionnaire in experiment 1 ?
how fast were the cars going when they … each other
What some of the verbs used in the conditions in experiment 1?
smashed, collided and bumped each other
What is the IV and DV of this experiment 1?
Iv- Verb
Dv- speed rated in mph
What is the Experimental design for experiment 1 & 2?
Independant measures
what is the research method for experiment 1 & 2?
Lab
what speed was the smashed condition rated?
40.8mph
What speed was the contacted condition rated?
31.3mph
What conclusion was made from experiment 1?
Memories could have altered by the verb, which may have effected memory
What was the overall conclusion from experiment 1?
Leading Questions effect memory
what was the aim of experiment 2?
To investigate if the effects of leading questions actually distort, alter and change memory of an event
What was the participants description and how were they recruited in experiment 2?
150 male and female students from the university of Washington
describe the procedure for experiment 2
ps watched a 1 minute video of 4 second traffic accidents then asked questions about it including the critical questions of “how fast were the cars going when they (smashed,hit or none ) each other”
ps went home for a week , didn’t watch again. Then asked if they saw any glass yes/no.
Was there any glass in accidents in real life?
no.
How long were the clips all together?
1 minute
How long was each individual clip?
4 seconds
what were the independent variables?
the verb, (smashed hit or none)
what were the dependent variables?
if the ps saw glass yes/no
How many people said they saw broken glass in the smashed condition?
16
How many people said they saw broken glass in the hit condition?
7
How many people said they saw broken glass in the control condition?
6
What conclusions can be drawn from experiment 2?
Leading questions can actually alter the actual memory of an event. Therefore memory can be reconstructed.
What are the overall conclusions from experiment 2 ?
2 lots of info cant alter memory:
Info taken at the time
info received after the event
Why could this experiment be considered to be low in ecological validity?
As accidents were recorded, so things that affect perception such as emotions, would have not been there to affect their memeory.
How could this experiment could be considered valid?
No demand characteristics as participants didn’t know about leading questions. Also no response bias as there is no neutral answer.
What type of data was collected?
Quantitative- participants were asked to rate in numbers (how fast the cars were going in mph)
Also it was recorded the number of people that said they saw glass and those who didn’t. which is numerical data.
