Dement and Kleitman Flashcards
What is an EEG?
Electroencephalogram
What does an EEG do?
Records brain electrical activity
Measures brain waves per second
What doe an EOG stand for?
electrowlogram
What does an EOG do?
Measures eye movement- can tell which way the eye is moving
What was method 1 of REM sleep and dreaming?
Woken at various times during night (both with REM+NREM) and had to record into a tape recorder if they had a detailed dream.
What were the participants in method 1 woken up by?
loud doorbell.
what did participants have to state after they woke up?
if they dreamt and content
dreams would only be recorded if…
a detailed description was given.
What were some of the findings of method one?
REM is associated with dreams
NREM associated with non-dreaming
almost all dream recall in NREM awakenings occurred within 8 minutes of an REM, suggesting dreams may have been remembered from previous REM period.
How is REM characterized?
By rapid eye movement of the closed eyes whilst a person is sleeping
What was method 2 pattern of eye movement and context of the dream?
participants were woken up when 1 of 4 patterns have lasted 1 minute, when woken participants had to describe content of dreams.
What were the four patterns?
mainly vertical eye movement
mainly horizontal eye movement
both vertical and horizontal eye movement
very little or eye movement
what was the finding of method 2?
Some relationship between eye movement and context.
What was the horizontal eye movement dream?
participant watched people throw tomatoes at each other
what was the vertical eye movement dreams?
Participant was throwing basketballs at a net, looking up at net , then down to pick up ball.
Participant was climbing up a series of ladders looking up and down as they climbed
What was method 3 estimate of duration of dreams?
participants either 5 or 15 minutes into REM period
They asked to say whether they thought they had been dreaming .
what were the findings of method 3?
All could accurately estimate the length of their dreams apart from one who could only recall the later part of the dream and so underestimating its length.
What was standardized for each participant?
Told to eat normal
all observed in sleep lab.
What were the participants told to do before the experiment?
eat normal, avoid caffeine and alcohol on sleeping lab day,
Told to report to sleep lab just before normal bed time
went into a quiet dark room and had EEG and EOG attached to head
Describe the participants
9 in total 7 male adults 2 adult females 5 studied intensively small data collected from others to back up others
what evidence suggests REM sleep isn’t associated with dreaming?
When woken in NREM 7 % of time participants reported dreams.
Dreams could have been remembered from REM period
What evidence suggest REM sleep is associated with dreaming?
participants that were woken during REM sleep remembered more dreams than those woken during NREM.
when woken in REM 80% of time participants reported dreams.
How is this study ecologically valid?
dreaming is something people do normally
How isn’t this study ecologically valid?
sleeping with electrodes on your head isn’t normal.
participants aren’t usually asked what they dream about
