Dement and Kleitman

Question 1

What is an EEG?

Answer 1

Electroencephalogram

Question 2

What does an EEG do?

Answer 2

Records brain electrical activity

Measures brain waves per second

Question 3

What doe an EOG stand for?

Answer 3

electrowlogram

Question 4

What does an EOG do?

Answer 4

Measures eye movement- can tell which way the eye is moving

Question 5

What was method 1 of REM sleep and dreaming?

Answer 5

Woken at various times during night (both with REM+NREM) and had to record into a tape recorder if they had a detailed dream.

Question 6

What were the participants in method 1 woken up by?

Answer 6

loud doorbell.

Question 7

what did participants have to state after they woke up?

Answer 7

if they dreamt and content

Question 8

dreams would only be recorded if…

Answer 8

a detailed description was given.

Question 9

What were some of the findings of method one?

Answer 9

REM is associated with dreams
NREM associated with non-dreaming
almost all dream recall in NREM awakenings occurred within 8 minutes of an REM, suggesting dreams may have been remembered from previous REM period.

Question 10

How is REM characterized?

Answer 10

By rapid eye movement of the closed eyes whilst a person is sleeping

Question 11

What was method 2 pattern of eye movement and context of the dream?

Answer 11

participants were woken up when 1 of 4 patterns have lasted 1 minute, when woken participants had to describe content of dreams.

Question 12

What were the four patterns?

Answer 12

mainly vertical eye movement
mainly horizontal eye movement
both vertical and horizontal eye movement
very little or eye movement

Question 13

what was the finding of method 2?

Answer 13

Some relationship between eye movement and context.

Question 14

What was the horizontal eye movement dream?

Answer 14

participant watched people throw tomatoes at each other

Question 15

what was the vertical eye movement dreams?

Answer 15

Participant was throwing basketballs at a net, looking up at net , then down to pick up ball.
Participant was climbing up a series of ladders looking up and down as they climbed

Question 16

What was method 3 estimate of duration of dreams?

Answer 16

participants either 5 or 15 minutes into REM period

They asked to say whether they thought they had been dreaming .

Question 17

what were the findings of method 3?

Answer 17

All could accurately estimate the length of their dreams apart from one who could only recall the later part of the dream and so underestimating its length.

Question 18

What was standardized for each participant?

Answer 18

Told to eat normal

all observed in sleep lab.

Question 19

What were the participants told to do before the experiment?

Answer 19

eat normal, avoid caffeine and alcohol on sleeping lab day,
Told to report to sleep lab just before normal bed time
went into a quiet dark room and had EEG and EOG attached to head

Question 20

Describe the participants

Answer 20

9 in total
7 male adults 
2 adult females
5 studied intensively 
small data collected from others to back up others

Question 21

what evidence suggests REM sleep isn’t associated with dreaming?

Answer 21

When woken in NREM 7 % of time participants reported dreams.

Dreams could have been remembered from REM period

Question 22

What evidence suggest REM sleep is associated with dreaming?

Answer 22

participants that were woken during REM sleep remembered more dreams than those woken during NREM.
when woken in REM 80% of time participants reported dreams.

Question 23

How is this study ecologically valid?

Answer 23

dreaming is something people do normally

Question 24

How isn’t this study ecologically valid?

Answer 24

sleeping with electrodes on your head isn’t normal.

participants aren’t usually asked what they dream about