Griffiths

Question 1

What was the aim of this study?

Answer 1

To investigate cognitive bias involved in gambling behaviour.

Question 2

What were the IVs of this experiment?

Answer 2

Regular gamblers or not.

Question 3

What were the DVs of this experiment?

Answer 3

Measurements of skill on fruit machine

Context of utterance

Question 4

Describe the participants

Answer 4

60 ps
mean age 23.4 years
44 males 16 female
all played fruit machine at least once

Question 5

Where were they recruited from?

Answer 5

Via small poster around a university campus

Question 6

What were regular gamblers defined as?

Answer 6

those who gamble on fruit machines ta least once a week

Question 7

What were non gamblers defined as?

Answer 7

those who gamble on fruit machines once a month or less

Question 8

What was the research method?

Answer 8

quasi, naturally occurring IV

Question 9

What was the research design?

Answer 9

Independent measures

Question 10

Why was it an independent measures?

Answer 10

As it consists of having different participants in each of the conditions, therefore each participant can only experience one condition

Question 11

Where was each participant tested?

Answer 11

Individually at an arcade in the UK.

Question 12

what is cognitive bias?

Answer 12

believing the odds are in your favor, which may distort thoughts

Question 13

what are heuristics ?

Answer 13

these play a role in problem solving and decision making, these can introduce errors, just because something has worked in the pas, doesnt mean it will work

Question 14

how many gambles did nrgs make compared to rbs ?

Answer 14

rgs played 8 gambles per minute

nrgs played 6 gambles per minute

Question 15

what is the result of irrational verbalization?

Answer 15

rgs made more irrational verbalisation (14% of verb was irrational)
nrgs had 2.5% of their verablisation irrational

Question 16

what is a conclusion of rational and irrational verbalisation?

Answer 16

both conditions made more rational than irrational verbalisation

Question 17

what was the result of skill orientation on gambling?

Answer 17

rgs thought themselves to be more skill orietnated than nrgs, most rgs said equal chance and skilll, nrgs said mostly chance

Question 18

what were the hypothesis?

Answer 18

there will be no difference between regular and non- regular fruit machine gamblers on objective measure of skill
rgs would produce more irrational verbalisation (personification) than nrgs
rgs would be more skill orientated than nrgbs on subjective measures self report
Thinking out loud p/s would take longer to complete the task then non-thinking p/s, although not by significantly longer

Question 19

what was the difference between thinking out lond p/s and non-thinking out loud p/s ?

Answer 19

the thinking out loud p/s took longer to complete tasks, however not significantly longer

Question 20

what was the machine called that p/s had to gamble on?

Answer 20

fruitskills

Question 21

what was the procedure of giffiths ?

Answer 21

asked to stay on machine for at least 60 plays , and had to win back the £3 they put on the machine
if they achieved 60 plays with the initial £3, given the choice of either keep winnings or carry on
to measure objective skill, Griffiths recorded behavior
a experimenter would record the total time in minutes, how long the p/s was on a fruit machine, total number of gambles, the amount of winnings and result of gamblers

Question 22

what are two objective behaviors that were used to access skill level of p/s ?

Answer 22

total number of wins during session

total number of plays

Question 23

how many p/s were assigned to each thinking aloud and non thinking aloud condition ?

Answer 23

15 nrgs and 15 rgs = 30 in thinking aloud and 30 in non regular gamblers condition

Question 24

what were two instructions p/s were given ?

Answer 24

do not censor any of your thoughts and say everyting that goes through your mind
speak clerly
do not justify your thought

Question 25

how were verbalization recorded?

Answer 25

lapel microphone connected to tape recorder
experimenter transcripted verbalization within 24 hours, so they could remeber the context
griffiths created a coding scheme with 30 irrational and rational utterances

Question 26

what are 2 examples of rational verbalisation?

Answer 26

swearing

reference to loosing e.g. i lost a pound there

Question 27

what are 2 examples of irrational verbalisation?

Answer 27

personification of the machine e.g. the machine likes me

swaering at the machine e.g. you bastard

Question 28

what was the post experimental interview ?

Answer 28

read back of griffiths sheet