Griffiths Flashcards
What was the aim of this study?
To investigate cognitive bias involved in gambling behaviour.
What were the IVs of this experiment?
Regular gamblers or not.
What were the DVs of this experiment?
Measurements of skill on fruit machine
Context of utterance
Describe the participants
60 ps
mean age 23.4 years
44 males 16 female
all played fruit machine at least once
Where were they recruited from?
Via small poster around a university campus
What were regular gamblers defined as?
those who gamble on fruit machines ta least once a week
What were non gamblers defined as?
those who gamble on fruit machines once a month or less
What was the research method?
quasi, naturally occurring IV
What was the research design?
Independent measures
Why was it an independent measures?
As it consists of having different participants in each of the conditions, therefore each participant can only experience one condition
Where was each participant tested?
Individually at an arcade in the UK.
what is cognitive bias?
believing the odds are in your favor, which may distort thoughts
what are heuristics ?
these play a role in problem solving and decision making, these can introduce errors, just because something has worked in the pas, doesnt mean it will work
how many gambles did nrgs make compared to rbs ?
rgs played 8 gambles per minute
nrgs played 6 gambles per minute
what is the result of irrational verbalization?
rgs made more irrational verbalisation (14% of verb was irrational)
nrgs had 2.5% of their verablisation irrational
what is a conclusion of rational and irrational verbalisation?
both conditions made more rational than irrational verbalisation
what was the result of skill orientation on gambling?
rgs thought themselves to be more skill orietnated than nrgs, most rgs said equal chance and skilll, nrgs said mostly chance
what were the hypothesis?
there will be no difference between regular and non- regular fruit machine gamblers on objective measure of skill
rgs would produce more irrational verbalisation (personification) than nrgs
rgs would be more skill orientated than nrgbs on subjective measures self report
Thinking out loud p/s would take longer to complete the task then non-thinking p/s, although not by significantly longer
what was the difference between thinking out lond p/s and non-thinking out loud p/s ?
the thinking out loud p/s took longer to complete tasks, however not significantly longer
what was the machine called that p/s had to gamble on?
fruitskills
what was the procedure of giffiths ?
asked to stay on machine for at least 60 plays , and had to win back the £3 they put on the machine
if they achieved 60 plays with the initial £3, given the choice of either keep winnings or carry on
to measure objective skill, Griffiths recorded behavior
a experimenter would record the total time in minutes, how long the p/s was on a fruit machine, total number of gambles, the amount of winnings and result of gamblers
what are two objective behaviors that were used to access skill level of p/s ?
total number of wins during session
total number of plays
how many p/s were assigned to each thinking aloud and non thinking aloud condition ?
15 nrgs and 15 rgs = 30 in thinking aloud and 30 in non regular gamblers condition
what were two instructions p/s were given ?
do not censor any of your thoughts and say everyting that goes through your mind
speak clerly
do not justify your thought
how were verbalization recorded?
lapel microphone connected to tape recorder
experimenter transcripted verbalization within 24 hours, so they could remeber the context
griffiths created a coding scheme with 30 irrational and rational utterances
what are 2 examples of rational verbalisation?
swearing
reference to loosing e.g. i lost a pound there
what are 2 examples of irrational verbalisation?
personification of the machine e.g. the machine likes me
swaering at the machine e.g. you bastard
what was the post experimental interview ?
read back of griffiths sheet
