Lodge 1 Flashcards
- INVOLUNTARY
- Transmits information from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
- Two neurons connect the central nervous system to organ (preganglionic and postganglionic neurons)
Autonomic nervous system
- VOLUNTARY
- Transmits information from the CNS to skeletal muscles
- Controls both voluntary and reflex muscle movements
- Only one neuron connects the central nervous system to muscle
Somatic nervous system
The ______ maintains the internal environment of the body (homeostasis)
autonomic nervous system
ANS regulates critical involuntary functions including…
- respiration
- circulation
- GI
- temperature
- endocrine & exocrine glands
Two divisions of ANS
- Parasympathetic system (rest and digest)
* Sympathetic system (fight or flight)
• Craniosacral
• Primary responsibility is conserving &
replenishing energy
• Active during rest or digestion hence “rest-and-digest”
• Works dynamically with the sympathetic system to maintain homeostasis
The Parasympathetic System
- Thoracolumbar (T1-L2)
- Primary responsibility is action
- Active during vigorous exercise, excitement (stress), or emergencies “fight or flight”
The Sympathetic System
Autonomic innervation of sweat gland is _____ (origin T2-L2).
Sympathetic
Many (most) visceral organs are innervated by ____ ANS division(s).
both
Dual innervation can be ____ or _____.
- Antagonistic
- Synergistic/co-operative
Some organs that receive ONLY sympathetic innervation:
- Piloerector Muscles
- Sweat Glands
- Blood Vessels*
Examples of antogonistic innervation
- The eye (radial fibers-sympathetic; circular fibers-parasympathetic)
- The heart (parasympathetic decrease heart rate and force, sympathetic increase)
Examples of synergistic innervation
- Reproductive system (parasympathetic-erection; sympathetic-ejaculation)
- Salivation (parasympathetic-increase gland secretion; sympathetic-vasoconstriction=more viscous saliva)
Post-ganglionic neurons utilize different ______.
neurotransmitters
Neurons classified as either cholinergic (contain ______) or adrenergic (contain ______).
- Acetylcholine
- Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine is released from _______ sympathetic neurons only.
Postganglionic
Catecholamine synthesis
- Phenylalanine
- Tyrosine
- L-DOPA
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
Catecholamine transmission activity dependent on release from vesicles, inactivation is caused by…
- Re-uptake (most important)
- Enzymatic degradation
responses to adrenergic agonists is similar to sympathetic nervous system activation
Sympathomimetics
Ways that andrenergic agonists act
– Direct receptor activation
– Promotion of NE release
– Inhibition of NE Reuptake
– Inhibition of NE Inactivation
Does NE excite or inhibit organs?
It can do both depending on the receptor
Receptors are all _____ and are divided into ______.
- GPCRs (7-TM receptors)
- alpha and beta
a1 and B1 receptors produce _____, white a2 and B2 produce ______.
- Excitation
- Inhibition
- 7-TM receptor
- GPCR (coupled to Gq)
- Increases [Ca2+]i
- Excitatory
a1 Adrenergic Receptors
