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Exam 1: DHHD 5002 > Gakunga 1 > Flashcards

Gakunga 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Facial primordia appear early in the ____ week, and coincides with
mouth opening.

A

fourth week

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2
Q

Facial prominences (frontonasal, maxillary, mandibular) are produced by proliferation of cranial _______.

A

neural crest cells

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3
Q

Facial development occurs mainly between the ______ weeks

A

fourth and eighth

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4
Q

______ (developed from nasal placodes) move toward the midline, where your nose will be

A

nasal pits

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5
Q

The _______ forms at the boundary between pharyngeal arches 1 and 2.

A

external ear

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6
Q

Fusion vs Merging

A

In fusion, there is a breakdown. Merging is a reconfiguration.

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7
Q

Name the five processes that fuse during development

A

2 maxillary, 2 mandibular, frontonasal

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8
Q

Stomodeum

A

Primitive mouth (the five process fuse around this)

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9
Q

An elevation on the face anterior to the brain bulge

A

Frontal Prominence

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10
Q
  • Thickening of ectoderm on the frontal prominence

- Indicates the development of the future nose

A

Nasal Placode

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11
Q
  • Depression in the nasal placode indicating the external nares
  • Note the openings of the nasal cavity are separate from each other
A

Nasal Pit

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12
Q

Horseshoe shaped ridge along the superior aspect of the nasal pits

A

Nasal Processes

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13
Q
  • Medial portion of the horseshoe shaped ridge

- Contributes to portions of the upper lip

A

Medial Nasal Process

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14
Q
  • Lateral portion of the horseshoe shaped ridge

- Contributes to the lateral portion of the nose

A

Lateral Nasal Process

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15
Q

______ sink into nasal pits, the precursors of nostrils and nasal cavities

A

Nasal placodes

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16
Q

_______ form sides of nose

A

Lateral nasal prominences

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17
Q

______ fuse, form nasal septum and ethmoid bone.

A

Medial nasal prominences

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18
Q

Medial nasal prominences

merge with each other and with ________.

A

maxillary prominences

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19
Q

_______ separate the lateral nasal prominences from the maxillary prominences

A

Nasolacrimal grooves

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20
Q

By the end of the fifth week, six auricular hillocks indicate development of the _____.

A

external ear

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21
Q

The ______ are initially located in the neck region, but ascend to sides of head, at level of eyes

A

external ears

22
Q

Fusion of the Medial Nasal Processes forms which external features of the face?

A
  • Bridge of the nose

- Philtrum of the lip

23
Q

Fusion of the Medial Nasal Processes forms which internal structures?

A
  • Incisor bearing segment of the maxilla

- Primary palate

24
Q
  • Lateral outgrowth of the mandibular arch

- Contributes to the formation of the maxilla

A

Maxillary Process

25
Q

Portion of the first arch which forms the mandible

A

Mandibular Process

26
Q

Fusion of the Medial Nasal Processes and the Maxillary Processes forms which external feature?

A

Upper lip

27
Q

Fusion of the Medial Nasal Processes and the Maxillary Processes forms which internal feature?

A

Maxillary arch

28
Q

External Structures from the Maxillary Process

A
  • Infraorbital region

- Cheek

29
Q

External Structure from the Lateral Nasal Process

A

Ala of the nose

30
Q

Fusion of the Mandibular Processes results in which external feature?

A
  • Lower lip

- Chin

31
Q

Fusion of the Mandibular Processes results in which internal feature?

A

Mandibular arch

32
Q

Mandible develops in close relation to nerve of the first arch, _____.

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)

33
Q

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve –> ______ (medial to Meckel’s
cartilage) + ______ (lateral to Meckel’s cartilage)

A
  • lingual nerve

- inferior alveolar nerve

34
Q

___ weeks: mesenchyme condensation on lateral aspect of Meckel’s cartilage

A

6

35
Q

___ weeks: intramembranous ossification center –> first bone of the mandible

A

7

36
Q

Mandibular canal forms around _______.

A

inferior alveolar nerve

37
Q

Medial and lateral _____ develop in relation to tooth germs

A

alveolar plates

38
Q

Ossification spreads posteriorly into

remaining mesenchyme of first arch, to form the ____ of the mandible

A

ramus

39
Q

The _____ marks the site at which the continued ossification diverged from
Meckel’s cartilage

A

lingula

40
Q

By ____ weeks, the rudimentary mandible has formed, almost exclusively through intramembranous
bone formation

A

10

41
Q

Fate of Meckel’s cartilage

A
  1. Malleus
  2. Sphenomalleolar ligament
  3. Sphenomandibular ligament
  4. Tiny contribution to mandible
42
Q

Articulation between the temporal bone and mandible

A

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

43
Q

Two lateral swellings of the mandibular arch

A

Lateral Lingual Swellings

44
Q

A single mid-line swelling from the mandibular arch

A

Tuberculum Impar

45
Q
  • A single mid-line swelling posterior to the tuberculum impar
  • Derived from 2nd, 3rd and 4th arches
A

Copula

46
Q
  • Mostly from the forward growth of the lateral lingual swellings fusing with the tuberculum impar
  • There may be some contribution to the mucosa from the second arch because of its innervation from the facial nerve
A

Body or Anterior 2/3 of the Tongue

47
Q

Develops from the copula

A

Root or Posterior 1/3 of the Tongue

48
Q
  • Small triangular anterior portion of the hard palate

- Forms from the fusion of two medial nasal processes

A

Primary palate

49
Q

Medial nasal prominences fuse with each other, and with the maxillary
prominences, to form the
_____; philtrum of lip and median palatal process form from _______.

A
  • upper lip

- MNPs (intermaxillary segment)

50
Q
  • Forms by the fusion of the palatine shelves which are outgrowths of the maxillary process
  • Initially vertical in position with tongue in between
A

Secondary Palate

51
Q

Types of Cleft Lip and Palate

A
  1. Clefts of anterior
    (primary) palate-anterior to
    incisive foramen; usually
    involve upper lip and alveolar
    process of maxilla
  2. Clefts of anterior and
    posterior palate
  3. Clefts of posterior
    (secondary) palate
  • Clefts can be unilateral or
    bilateral
52
Q

Cleft repair:
3 months – ______
1.5 years – ______
9 years – _______ to facilitate eruption of permanent canine and lateral incisor (if present)

A
  • Lip closure
  • Close palate
  • Graft alveolus

Exam 1: DHHD 5002 (23 decks)

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