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Exam 1: DHHD 5002 > Bhattacharya 2 > Flashcards

Bhattacharya 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Part of the peripheral nervous system (along with spinal nerves)
  • 12 named pairs of nerves indicated by Roman numerals I- XII (unlike spinal nerves)
  • Primarily arise from the brain stem…..but there are some exceptions
A

Cranial nerves

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2
Q

Exceptions: Cranial nerves that do NOT arise from brain stem

A
  • Olfactory (I) - Telencephalon
  • Optic (II) - Diencephalon
  • Spinal Accessory (XI) - Spinal Cord
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3
Q

Cranial nerves that arise from the Midbrain of the Brainstem

A

III Oculomotor

IV Trochlear

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4
Q

Cranial nerves that arise from the Pons of the Brainstem

A

V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial

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5
Q

Cranial nerves that arise from the Medulla of the Brainstem

A

VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XII Hypoglossal

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6
Q

Cranial nerves grouped by nerve fiber composition

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

M: motor
S: sensory
B: both

Parasympathetic: III, VII, IX, X

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7
Q

Cranial nerves are NOT formed by the union of ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) roots. This means that NOT all cranial nerves are _____ nerves, i.e. not all cranial nerves carry both motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) nerve fibers.

A

mixed

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8
Q

Some cranial nerves have _______ associated with them (similar to dorsal root ganglia for spinal nerves).

A

sensory ganglia

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9
Q

Spinal nerves have connections (rami communicans) to the sympathetic trunk. Cranial nerves _____ have similar connections to the sympathetic trunk
and _____ contain sympathetic fibers at their origin from the brainstem.

A
  • DO NOT

- NEVER

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10
Q

Some fibers NOT found in spinal nerves

A

• Afferent fibers of “special” sensation with receptors aggregated in “special” sense organs
(1) Olfaction – CN I
(2) Vision – CN II
(3) Hearing and Equilibrium - CN VIII (4) Taste – VII, IX and X
• Efferent fibers to skeletal muscles that arise from the mesoderm of pharyngeal arches.

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11
Q

Cranial nerve supplying the musculature of pharyngeal arch 1

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)

Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, ant. digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

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12
Q

Cranial nerve supplying the musculature of pharyngeal arch 2

A

Facial (VII)

Muscles of facial expression, post. digastric, stapedius, stylohyoid

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13
Q

Cranial nerve supplying the musculature of pharyngeal arch 3

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Stylopharyngeus

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14
Q

Cranial nerve supplying the musculature of pharyngeal arch 4 & 6

A
  • Branches of vagus (X) including superior laryngeal n.
    (Muscles of soft palate EXCEPT tensor veli patatini &
    Cricothyroid and muscles of the pharynx EXCEPT stylopharyngeus)
  • Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (X)
    (Intrinsic muscles of the larynx EXCEPT cricothyroid)
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15
Q

_____ is a collection of nerve cell bodies within the CNS.

_____ is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

A
  • Nucleus

- Ganglion

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16
Q

Cranial nerves containing afferent fibers

A 
Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
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17
Q

Location of Trigeminal (V) cell bodies containing afferent fibers

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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18
Q

Location of Facial (VII) cell bodies containing afferent fibers

A

Geniculate ganglion

19
Q

Location of Vestibulocochlear (VIII) cell bodies containing afferent fibers

A

Vestibular ganglion

Spiral ganglion

20
Q

Location of Glossopharyngeal (IX) cell bodies containing afferent fibers

A

Superior ganglion

Inferior ganglion

21
Q

Location of Vagus (X) cell bodies containing afferent fibers

A

Superior (jugular) ganglion

Inferior (nodose) ganglion

22
Q

Cranial Nerves Containing Efferent Fibers to Skeletal Muscle

A 
Oculomotor III
Trochlear IV
Trigeminal V
Abducens VI
Facial VII
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Spinal Accessory XI
Hypoglossal XII
23
Q

The locations of the cell bodies for Cranial Nerves Containing Efferent Fibers to Skeletal Muscle are named after their corresponding cranial nerve except Glossopharyngeal IX and Vagus X which are in ________.

A

Nucleus ambiguus

24
Q

Cranial Nerves Containing Preganglionic Efferent Fibers

Note:
• At the brainstem only four CN’s exit carrying these fibers
• CN’s can only contain pre- and NOT post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers

A

Oculomotor III
Facial VII
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X

25
Q

Location of cell body for Oculomotor III containing Preganglionic Efferent Fibers

A

Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal

26
Q

Location of cell body for Facial VII containing Preganglionic Efferent Fibers

A

Superior salivatory nucleus

27
Q

Location of cell body for Glossopharyngeal IX containing Preganglionic Efferent Fibers

A

Inferior salivatory nucleus

28
Q

Location of cell body for Vagus X containing Preganglionic Efferent Fibers

A

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

29
Q

Cranial nerves (in which preganglionic fiber leaves brainstem) associated with Parasympathetic Ganglia

A

Oculomotor III
Facial VII
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X

30
Q

Ganglion and Destination of Oculomotor III associated with Parasympathetic Ganglia

A
  • Ciliary: Sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscle
31
Q

Ganglion and Destination of Facial VII associated with Parasympathetic Ganglia

A
  • Submandibular: Submandibular and sublingual

- Pterygopalatine: Lacrimal gland, glands of palate, nasal cavity, etc.

32
Q

Ganglion and Destination of Glossopharyngeal IX associated with Parasympathetic Ganglia

A
  • Otic: Parotid gland
33
Q

Ganglion and Destination of Vagus X associated with Parasympathetic Ganglia

A
  • Terminal: Heart, bronchi, alimentary canal proximal to splenic flexure
34
Q

But what about sympathetic (thoracolumbar) innervation to the head?

  1. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers - __________
  2. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers - ________ - these fibers travel with blood vessels to reach their targets in the head.
A
  1. intermediolateral cell column (T1-L2)

2. superior cervical ganglion

35
Q

Responsible for vision

A

CN II

36
Q

Responsible for motor innervation to extraocular muscles (1 for raising eyelid, 6 for eye movement)

A

CN III, IV, VI

37
Q

Responsible for sphincter pupillae (constriction of pupil) and ciliary muscle (to change curvature of lens)

A

CN III (preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to ciliary ganglion)

38
Q

Responsible for general sensation (such as pain, touch, temperature) in orbit and out on the face

A

CN V (ophthalmic division)

39
Q
  • major sensory nerve of the face
  • general sensation to mouth, teeth and anterior 2/3rd of tongue
  • motor innervation for muscles of mastication (and others)
A

TRIGEMINAL NERVE (CN V) – S and M

40
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Lateral pterygoid (superior and inferior)
  4. Medial pterygoid (superficial and deep)
41
Q
  • innervates muscles of facial expression (and others)
  • taste fibers to anterior 2/3rd of the tongue
  • preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to:
    • submandibular ganglion (sublingual and submandibular glands)
    • pterygopalatine ganglion (mucous glands of nose and palate,
      lacrimal gland)
A

FACIAL NERVE (CN VII) – S, M, PA

42
Q
  • innervates one muscle (stylopharyngeus)
  • parasympathetic innervation to otic ganglion (parotid gland)
  • general sensation and taste fibers to posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
  • general sensation to oropharynx, carotid body and sinus
A

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (CN IX) – S, M, PA

43
Q
  • motor innervation to muscles of larynx, pharynx and soft palate
  • preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to terminal ganglia (of cardiac, smooth muscles and glands in thorax and abdomen)
  • sensory to mucosae in larynx and laryngopharynx; visceral sensation (heart, abdominal viscera, etc.)
  • taste to epiglottis and root of the tongue
A

VAGUS (CN X) the “wandering” nerve – S, M, PA

44
Q
  • motor innervation to muscles of the tongue (with one exception)
A

HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN XII)

Exam 1: DHHD 5002 (23 decks)

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